“If a pregnant mother experiences acute or chronic stress, her body will manufacture stress hormones (including adrenaline and noradrenaline) that travel through her bloodstream to the womb, inducing the same stressful state in the unborn child."
Verny goes on to say, “Our studies show that mothers under extreme and constant stress are more likely to have babies who are premature, lower than average in weight, hyperactive, irritable, and colicky. In extreme instances, these babies may be born with thumbs sucked raw or even with ulcers.”
Based on these concepts, the Center developed five key questions to ask ourselves when “doing” media. Again, they will guide our inquiry at many points in this book:
1. Who created this message?
2. What creative techniques are used to attract my attention?
3. How might different people understand this message differently than me?
4. What values, lifestyles and points of view are represented in, or omitted from, this message?
5. Why is this message being sent?
Yaşadığımız çağ için bir uygarlık krizi tarifi yapılıyor. Evet, tam da öyle… Bir uygarlık krizinin orta yerindeyiz.
Okur Takip Önerileri
Bir kitap okudu
318 syf.
8/10 puan verdi
There are other reasons to consider nineteen or twenty as a minimum age for starting the pill. One has to do with the effects of the pill on depression and suicide risk, both of which are much higher for adolescent women (ages fifteen to nineteen) than women twenty and older. This tells me that the still-developing adolescent brain—in addition to the fact that it’s still developing—might not be well equipped to deal with all the psychological changes that seem to be initiated by the pill. We don’t yet know enough about why the adolescent brain is so sensitive to these changes, and until we do, caution is in order. This is especially true if you have a personal or family history of depression. Your mental health is too big of a deal to leave to chance. It seems like a good idea to consider alternative means of birth control if you are younger than twenty with a family history of mood disorders. No more women should lose their lives from their birth control pills, and the research suggests that taking them at the age of twenty or older is one way to significantly reduce the likelihood of the incredibly tragic outcome of suicide.
For example, “boys” with congenital androgen insensitivity syndrome—which is a rare disorder that makes male bodies unable to read testosterone signals—are completely indistinguishable from girls to the naked eye. Those who have this disorder, despite having a Y chromosome (which is the chromosomal calling card for being male), grow up looking like girls, acting like girls, and thinking like girls.
For example, a major reason that baby boys and girls come into the world with different brains and bodies is that baby boys produce high levels of the male hormone, testosterone, in utero.
Exposure to prenatal testosterone directs the cells in their growing bodies to organize themselves in the ways that we recognize as being male. They tell the reproductive organ cells to build penises and testes, and tell the brain cells to organize themselves in a way that predicts earlier gross motor development but later language stills. In the absence of prenatal testosterone, all babies look and act just like little girls, even when they’re not.
But hormones play a vital role in organizing how the body and brain are put together, too. These are called organizational effects, and they don’t go away once the hormone is removed. In this role, the hormones actually influence how the body and brain are built, which means that the effects are pretty much permanent.
Hiçbir yerde “biz yapacağız” deme-dik, tam aksine her zaman “birlikte yapacağız” dedik. Bu sadece daha şık durduğu için tercih ettiğimiz bir yönelim değil. Solcu olmanın özü de budur: Sol, halkın özne haline gelmesiyle başlar.
One of my graduate students, Hannah Bradshaw, has preliminary results suggesting that this very thing might go on. Across two studies, she found that pill-taking women performed worse than naturally cycling women on a difficult exam and were quicker to give up on unsolvable word puzzles. Although it is as of yet unclear whether these effects are driven by changes in the pill-taking women’s stress responses, hippocampi, or something else altogether, these results are consistent with the idea that the pill may harm the capacity to regulate learning, which could make it more difficult for these women to meet their educational and career goals.
Men’s brains have been wired for child care. And their changing testosterone is instrumental in shifting them from mating mode to parenting mode. When it’s time to switch from being Don Juan to being someone’s dad, men’s brains order less testosterone released as a means of telling the body that it’s time to execute the dad software.
Testosterone actually is a little fickle and capricious. For example, testosterone changes in response to age, the time of day, getting married, having children, the presence of attractive women, the win or loss of a man’s favorite political candidate, the win or loss of his favorite sports team, and (I’m not making this up) the presence of guns. And this is far from an exhaustive list. Men’s testosterone changes all the time.
BUT MOSTLY, YOU ARE YOUR SEX HORMONES
We have inherited from our ancestors a brain that puts all things related to gene transmission on the top of the biological to-do list, with sex bolded and underlined as priority number one.
For women, the predominant sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone. And the one that tends to get most of the attention is estrogen. And this is for good reason: Estrogen is the hormone that’s responsible for most of the things that we think about when we think about what makes women, women. For example, it’s responsible for the development and maintenance of things like breasts and hourglass body shapes, as well as the development and regulation of the reproductive system.
When compared with naturally cycling women, pill-taking women exhibit less activity in the reward centers of the brain when looking at masculine faces, but more activity in these centers when looking at money.
Why and how are languages dying?
Where communities cannot thrive, their languages are in danger. When languages lose their speakers, they die.
Some have also used the terms "language murder" and "language sui-cide," suggesting that languages do not die natural deaths. They are instead murdered. English, as Glanville Price put it, is a "killer language." Thus, it has been said that Irish, for instance, was murdered by English. Others, however, have in effect put the blame on Irish by saying that the language committed suicide.
Sayfa 5
