Mertcan Bulak
@MBulak
1179 okur puanı
Ağustos 2020 tarihinde katıldı
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In France Calvinism remained a minority, but thanks to influential converts among the nobility, the movement gained an importance out of all proportion to its numbers. Known as Huguenots, French Calvinists were threatening to seize leadership of the country when thousands of them were ruthlessly massacred on St. Bartholomew’s Day in 1572.
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Calvinism’s emphasis on the sovereignty of God led in turn to a special view of the state. Luther tended to consider the state supreme. The German princes often determined where and how the gospel would be preached. But Calvin taught that no one—whether pope or king—has any claim to absolute power. Calvin never preached the “right of revolution,” but he did encourage the growth of representative assemblies and stressed their right to resist the tyranny of monarchs.
Calvin’s leadership in “the game” shaped a third Reformation tradition. Today we call it Reformed or Calvinistic Christianity. It includes all Presbyterians, Dutch and German Reformed churches, and many Baptists and Congregationalists.
Anabaptists rejected the swearing of oaths because of Jesus’ clear commandment in the Sermon on the Mount: “Do not swear an oath at all: either by heaven . . . or by the earth . . . or by Jerusalem” (Matt. 5:34–35).
In the aftermath of Munster, the dispirited Anabaptists of the Lower Rhine area gained new heart through the ministry of Menno Simons (c. 1496–1561). Although always in great personal danger, Menno, a former priest, traveled widely to visit the scattered Anabaptist groups of northern Europe. Although Menno was not the founder of the movement, most of the descendants of the Anabaptists are to this day called Mennonite.
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