Türkçenin tam tersine İngilizcede pasif cümlerlerin kullanımı popüler değildir. Örneğin:
They speak english all over the world
English is spoken all over the world
Daha çok üstteki örnekteki gibi cümleler kurarlar,pasif cümle kullanmaktan kaçınırlar.
The Old English language, also called Anglo- Saxon, was the earliest form of English. It is difficult to give exact dates for the rise and development of a language, because it does not change suddenly; but perhaps it is true to say that Old English was spoken from about A.D. 600 to about 1100.
Our language possesses verbs with complicated patterns of principal parts ( sing sang sung or speak spoke spoken ), called “strong verbs.” It also possesses verbs that follow a single, much simpler pattern ( play played played and help helped helped ), called “weak verbs.” Throughout history English speakers, in pursuit of regularity, have been adapting strong verbs to the pattern of the weak. Thus, the past participle of help was holpen at first, only later helped , and before it became stepped the past tense of step was stope .
Letter C ranks around 13th in frequency of use in English-language print, appearing more often than half the other letters, including K and Q, yet only in the soft “ch” sound does C contribute anything unique to spoken English. In all its other sounds, C is redundant with other letters.
Among Germanic languages, Icelandic, spoken on a remote island, has (1) rarely been learned by foreigners and (2) is also the least simplified member of the family. Even today, its grammar is so little changed from Old Norse that Icelanders can read the epic eddas in Old Norse written almost a thousand years ago.
As a group slowly picks up a new language over centuries but continues to use its native one more usually, they do not simplify the new language. Rather, they season it with constructions they are used to, but otherwise learn that new language fine. The two languages stew together. Soon, the language they are learning looks a little like their native one.
One sees this all over the world. Because of high rates of intermarriage between groups, the aboriginal languages of Australia as well as of South America tend to be deeply mixed with one another in terms of grammar. One language’s endings will pattern like the ones from the language spoken down the river, even though the languages are not closely related.
The Vikings settled and coped with English, and all indications are that Old Norse in England lasted not much longer than the first generation of invaders. History records no enclaves in England where Old Norse was spoken for generations after the invasions. The Vikings spread themselves out, and wherever an Orm Gamalson settled down, what was spoken was English—and Orm’s children likely had the same orientation toward Old Norse as Jewish immigrants’ children in America in the twentieth century had toward Yiddish. Old Norse was the Old Country; English was the native tongue—cool, in a word.
Crucially, whereas French came to England as an elite language spoken by rulers living remotely from the common folk, the Vikings took root on the ground, often marrying English-speaking women, such that their children actually heard quite a bit of their “off” English. All of this had an effect on the English language.
English’s closest relative is Frisian, a Dutch relative today spoken by some hundreds of thousands in the Netherlands.
We can assume that Celts were speaking Celtified English starting with the first generation who grew up bilingual, as far back as the fifth century, and throughout the Old English period. However, this was not the English from across the North Sea—Celtified English was likely thought of as “mixed” or at least funny-sounding English for a long time. As such, it would never have been committed to print—and in a world without audio recording technology, this means that this kind of English as spoken during the entire reign of Old English is hopelessly lost to us.
In one crucial respect, however, the Normans deliberately spurned the linguistic tradition they encountered. As we've already noted, English was highly unusual in being a written as well as spoken language. In England, not only were books and chronicles composed in the vernacular; so too were official documents - the charters, writs and diplomas issued in the name of the king. But in or around 1070 the use of English for such documents suddenly ceased.
... From 1070 onwards, therefore, all royal documents were written in Latin, a language that was familiar to both literate Normans and educated Englishmen.
Sayfa 261Kitabı okudu
The English of Merriam-Webster has never been spoken in its entirety by any one person. Nevertheless we all find it useful as a guide to real spoken English. Reconstructed Proto-Indo-European is similar, a dictionary version of a language. It is not, in itself, a real language, but it certainly refers to one.
anlam kalitesi
Ticking away the moments that make up a dull day
Fritter and waste the hours in an offhand way
Kicking around on a piece of ground in your hometown
Waiting for someone or something to show you the way
Tired of lying in the sunshine, staying home to watch the rain
You are young and life is long, and there is time to kill today
And then one day you find ten years have got behind you
No one told you when to run, you missed the starting gun
And you run, and you run to catch up with the sun but it's sinking
Racing around to come up behind you again
The sun is the same in a relative way but you're older
Shorter of breath and one day closer to death
Every year is getting shorter, never seem to find the time
Plans that either come to naught or half a page of scribbled lines
Hanging on in quiet desperation is the English way
The time is gone, the song is over, thought I'd something more to say
Home, home again
I like to be here when I can
And when I come home cold and tired
It's good to warm my bones beside the fire
Far away across the field
The tolling of the iron bell
Calls the faithful to their knees
To hear the softly spoken magic spells
Most British people speak English, but Gaelic is also spoken in the west and north of Scotland and in Northern Ireland. Welsh is spoken by over half a million people in Wales.
General Nelson Miles, Wounded Knee’deki yerli sorununu kadınlarla çocukları delik deşik ederek çözdü.
General Nelson Miles, Chicago’daki işçi sorununu Pullman şirketindeki grevin elebaşılarını mezara göndererek çözdü.
General Nelson Miles, Porto Riko’nun San Juan şehrindeki sömürge sorununu İspanya bayrağını indirip yerine şeritli ve yıldızlı bayrağı göndere çekerek çözdü. Ve bunu bilmeyenler olabilir diye, her tarafa üzerinde English spoken here yazılı uyarıların yer aldığı afişler astı. Ve kendisini vali ilan etti. Ve istilaya maruz kalanlara, istilacıların oraya savaş yapmaya değil, onları ve aynı zamanda da mülklerini korumaya ve refahlarını arttırmaya vs ... geldiklerini açıkladı.
