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First of all, this is not a review, but a study in the form of a preparatory article. I will not promote the book, I will fill in the theme and context that the book presents to me with my own concepts.
(I also want to try to write something in English, I thought it appropriate to start with the simple.)
| Applications and Advantages of Sustainable Architecture
|| Outline
Thesis: Although the complex systems used by sustainable architecture may seem costly and difficult to implement, the use of sustainable principles in architecture is important in terms of protecting the identity of the environment.
I. Environment
A. Applications and Materials
1. Passive and Active Design (Herrera-Limones et al., 2019)
a. Passive Design Elements Inside the Building (Spacey, 2016)
b. Active Design Elements Complex Projects in the City
2. Green Building Materials and Finishes (Rider et al., 2011, p. 16)
a. Material
b. Technology (Boduroğlu et al., 2013)
B. Advantages
1. Native Landscape (Kermath, 2007, p. 221; Bean & Yang, 2009)
a. Economically Environmental Contribution
b. Aesthetically Environmental Contribution
2. Water Management (El-Nwsany et al., 2019, p. 308)
a. Positioning of Water in the Project
b. Water Conservation and Stormwater Management
In the 21st century world, the increase in population has created many problems. Energy resources and green areas are decreasing day by day, and global warming is becoming a more serious threat than ever before. Buildings, which make a significant contribution to these problems by consuming a large part of the world's energy, also reduce the quality of life. The rapid depletion of resources has brought the concept of sustainability to the forefront, and sustainability in architecture, as in other fields, has become central to the solution. According to Beattie, sustainable architecture is a sub-architecture that has principles such as a sensible enterprise to the creation of conceived ambiances, conceptualizing adequacy and measurement in the use of power, the progress area, and the ecosystem in general, and its goals are to diminish the unfavorable influence of constructions on the surroundings (2013). Since the spaces and resources in nature are not unlimited, and for life to be possible for future generations, sustainability in architecture is substantial. Although the complex systems used by sustainable architecture may seem more costly and difficult to implement, the use of sustainable principles in architecture is important in terms of protecting the identity of the environment, ensuring minimum energy consumption, and contributing to the country's economy.
Even though the concept of sustainability is still not fully understood by society, sustainable architecture continues to develop in the construction sector, where natural resource consumption is very intense, and the applications of this improvement are seen in the field of the environment. As a production element, it is possible to apply sustainable architecture on numerous distinct grounds, including spatial creation and structuring. Since the basic elements that enable the installation of the architecture are applications and materials, to ensure environmental sustainability in the macro area, it is first necessary to properly understand the materials and plan the applications appropriately in the micro-frame. Passive and active design is one of the imperative methods used in architectonics while the building is structured under nature. As the main principles of sustainability, passive and active design is used in the surrounding of buildings, in the storage of energy while producing, and in housing systems. As can be seen in the reports and research results of many projects designed after the 2000s, these practices ensured the development of the economy in many countries and, more importantly, keeping the environment intact. The use of these applications passively in cross ventilation systems, ventilated facades, creation of low emission gaps in buildings ensures the sustainability of the building, and the combination of buildings designed with the same environmental methods using more complex systems allows the formation of active design at larger scales such as neighborhoods, streets, and cities (Herrera-Limones et al., 2019). Architectural formations always exist at large and small scales, at the individual structural and more complex environmental levels, with oppositions such as passive and active methods. If natural energies such as gravity, wind, sunlight, and temperature differences are applied in the design, these add-ons are called passive, if human systems such as electricity are created, these products are called active (Spacey, 2016). The applications of sustainable architecture are used in passive design elements on the smallest scale. The energy performance of passive design systems that make use of renewable energy sources in a way that does not contradict the design has a noticeably serious position in determining the energy efficiency of the building and appointing the future of the project. The location, position, direction, form, shell, windows, interior material selections, shading systems, and such specialized tools move the building from a simple and basic position to an advanced, sophisticated and permanent place. In addition, active design elements that cover all these ingredients but have much more possibilities, based on human power rather than nature, emerge as complex projects in the city. For example, the alternating use of light as energy, the collection and generation of every energy within the space, the positioning of power-integrated materials are active elements in complex designs. Another significant element in the continuation of structural sustainability is green building materials and finishes.
Although the use of materials may be perceived as less considerable than the applications in the integration of the philosophy of continuity in the construction, the perfection of every little detail should not be ignored for the holistic harmony of work. Green building materials are environmentally friendly parts that are compatible with the environment and produced with the concern of compatibility with nature and as little carbon footprint as possible. It is possible to see green materials in many areas in the industry as a product that comes from nature, which is considered environmentally friendly, non-artificial, and suitable for natural design and use: Concrete, brick, and steel, insulation, framing timber, drywall, SIPS panels, carpets, hardwood, cork, linoleum, bamboo, tile, primers, paints, sealants, and adhesives. Using these materials of natural origin, together with energy systems and structural engineering technologies, in the creation of houses and landscapes provides a great deal of energy savings (Rider et al., 2011, pp. 9-32). In building designs that are not environmentally harmful, temporary, or marginal, it is possible to examine green materials and coatings in two separate headings as the structure of the material and application technology according to their purposes. For instance, materials such as cross-laminated wood, memory steel, potato chipboard, cork insulation, zero-carbon cement, and an air-purifying facade greatly strengthen the scheme infrastructures of complex projects and larger cities. On the other hand, ecotechnologies enable many variables to be considered together in terms of sustainability, from increasing the efficiency of using natural resources to complex design processes. The construction industry consumes half of the world's energy and almost four-tenths of the water (Boduroğlu et al., 2010). Technologies such as dynamic solar facade, active modular vegetative treatment system, solar facade system, eco-shell, bioclimatic tower, hydrotower, biomorphic lace, and eco-cocoon have been used as elements of design by transforming biological objects into organic forms in harmony with nature and have increased the sustainability coefficient in architecture. Considering all these factors, it can be said that starting from the lowest objective details of an architectural project, having concerns about permanence and efficiency ensures long-term sustainability in terms of the environment, covering large areas as well. As a result, when it comes to sustainable architectural practices and the compositions of materials produced for this purpose, passive and active design approaches and green materials and their derivatives indisputably contribute to the environment.
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