what happened in syria in 13 years?
— when the dates show march 15, 2011, the popular movement, which started with a group of students writing "o doctor (bashar al-assad) now it's your turn" on the school wall in dera in southern syria, on the morning of december 8, 2024, the 61-year bloody rule of the ba'ath party ended when the rebels took control of damascus, accompanied by exuberant masses.
— on the morning of november 27, the footsteps of the armed groups led by the anti-regime delegation tahrir damascus (hts) were heard in syria, and a clash with regime forces began in the western countryside of aleppo.
— first, the groups that dominated aleppo took control of idlib, hama and homs for a short time, and this morning the capital damascus.
syria in short
— oil, the greatest economic symbol and the most effective weapon of the 20th century, was also emerging in this region. western imperialist powers were also aware of the situation. the west's constant desire to own oil determined the fate and grief of the middle east.
— 13 years of development in syria chronologically;
march 15, 2011: the syrian civil war began with anti-regime peaceful demonstrations organized by a group of young people in the southern province of dera. the demonstrations quickly spread across the country.
january-february 2012: clashes between the regime-rebels intensified.
april 26, 2011: the regime army entered dera, where the fuse of the uprising was ignited.
june 30, 2012: political transition negotiations began in geneva.
july-december 2012: the terrorist organization ypg/pkk took over the districts of aynularab (kobani) and afrin and the amude district of hasaka from the regime without conflict.
may 2013: turkey presented a 3-stage plan for the u.s. to declare a no-fly zone in syria, the establishment of a safe zone for civilians and a joint ground operation with coalition forces.
august 21, 2013: the assad regime massacred more than 1400 civilians with chemical weapons in eastern ghouta. the united states agreed with russia to destroy the regime's chemical weapons by not approaching military intervention.
january 2014: as the regime began to collapse, iran began to bring shiite militias into syria. daesh took raqqa from the opposition.
june 30, 2014: daesh declared the so-called caliphate.
september 22, 2014: the us-led coalition launched an airstrike on isis.
january 26, 2015: ypg/pkk took aynularab from daesh with the intensive air support of the usa for 4 months. thus, the us-ypg/pkk alliance began.
march 2015: idlib fell into the hands of military rebels and anti-regime armed groups.
may 21, 2015: isis captured the city of tedmur (palmyra) and dominated about half of syria.
september 30, 2015: russia directly involved in the civil war. it cornered the opponents with the air support it provided to the regime.
december 18, 2015: bmgk accepted its decision numbered 2254. the roadmap of the political transition has been determined.
august 24, 2016: turkish armed forces and the syrian national army launched the euphrates shield operation. it cleared 2 thousand 55 square kilometers of area in the north of syria from daesh.
the capital of damasks!
23-24 january 2017: the first astana meeting was held with the initiative of turkey and russia.
april 4, 2017: the regime killed at least 100 civilians in the chemical weapons attack it organized in the town of khan seyhun.
october 2017: the terrorist organization deas withdrew and handed over most of raqqa and deyrizor to the terrorist organization ypg/pkk.
january 2018: turkey linked the olive branch operation against the terrorist organizations ypg/pkk-deas in afrin.
may 21, 2018: başkent sam completely came under the control of the regime.
15-31 july 2018: the southern provinces of the country, jordan and the israeli border, completely fell into the hands of the regime.
september 17, 2018: president recep tayyip erdogan and vladimir putin signed the sochi agreement to protect the ceasefire in idlib, but the regime's violations did not slow down.
march 25, 2019: former u.s. president donald trump signed the resolution to recognize the golan heights as israeli territory.
may 6, 2019: the increasing attack and harassment by the assad regime forces against the south of idlib turned into a ground operation.
october 9, 2019: turkish armed forces launched the syrian national army and the peace spring operation against the ypg/pkk and daesh terrorist organizations in northern syria.
12-13 october 2019: within the scope of the operation, tsk and smo soldiers rescued the rasulayn district center on october 12 and tel abyad on october 13.
october 27, 2019: abu al-baghdadi, the leader of the terrorist organization daesh, was killed in the operation organized by the usa in idlib.
december 2019: the assad regime and its supporters launched ground attacks on the idlib tension reduction region.
27 february-5 march 2020: turkey carried out the spring shield operation against the regime elements who martyred 34 soldiers carrying out a ceasefire observation mission in idlib.
march 5, 2020: after the meeting between president recep tayyip erdogan and russian president vladimir putin, an agreement was reached on the ceasefire in idlib. according to the agreement, the ceasefire entered into force on march 6 at 00.01.
april 15, 2021: the assad regime halved the value of the syrian lira with the devaluation.
may 26, 2021: the assad regime organized the so-called presidential election despite the opposition of the international community. the regime claimed that assad received 95.1 percent of the votes from the election, in which more than half of the people did not participate.
18- 22 october 2021: the sixth round of the meetings of the syrian constitutional committee at the un office in geneva was chaired by the bm's special representative for syria geir o. pedersen.
february 3, 2022: u.s. president joe biden announced that u.s. forces killed daesh leader abu ibrahim al-hashimi al-kurayshi in an operation in syria.
hama was reborn from the ashes
baas party and 13 years of massacre
the baath party was founded in 1947 in sam, the city of syria. in 1950, it merged with the arab socialist party in syria and continued its political existence as the "arab socialist ba'ath party".
— the arab socialist baath party seized power in the country as a result of a coup in 1963.
then, hafiz asad, the father of bessar asad, who has been operating in the party since the geng yagils, came to power with an intra-party coup in 1970 and became the state of the country in 1971. thus, hafiz assad became the oppressive period in the country after he came to power. so much so that the hama massacre revealed the whole world that the arab socialist baath party was a bloody government.
on february 2, 1982, the special forces under the command of hafiz assad's brother, rifat assad, surrounded the city to suppress the uprising launched by the muslim brotherhood in the hama province in the central part of the country against the regime.
— the bloody assad regime first bombered with his troops from the air, then massacred tens of thousands of people in 27 days with artillery fire and mass executions in hama.
man with glass character
according to the report organized by the snhr, that is, the syrian human rights net, at least 30 thousand civilians were killed in the massacre in the city center of hama on february 2-28, 1982, and there was no news of at least 17 thousand civilians who were detained.
— tedmur in hummus (palmyra)
the people who were thought to have been taken to the prison and those who were not heard from think that their relatives were slaughtered.
again, according to snhr's report, on the one hand, districts such as al-asida, es sehhane, al-kilayniyye, ez zenbak, al-hayriya and al-basuriyye were heavily targeted in attacks and bombings carried out by the regime forces from the air and land, while about a third of the city center was destroyed.
in the # massacre, 88 mosques, 3 churches and high historical monuments were destroyed.
— on march 12, the swiss federal prosecutor's office announced that a criminal complaint had been filed with the federal criminal court for war crimes and crimes against humanity and that he would be tried for "war crimes and crimes against humanity".
— more than 6.7 million people were displaced within the country. about 217 times, the regime carried out chemical weapons attacks on the people and an estimated 14 thousand 449 people were tortured to death.
with whom is israel in aleppo?
zalim asad was born in syria in 1965. he graduated from the faculty of medicine of sam university in 1988 and then served as a doctor in the syrian army.
while the killer was studying specialized in ophthalmology in london, the capital of england, in 1992, he returned to syria when his brother basil al-asad died in a traffic accident in 1994. the cruel five-assad, as soon as he returned, began to study at the military academy and prepared for the government of the country until the death of his father.
on june 10, 2000, the bill was adopted to reach the age of 40 in order to become president in the country. in this way, beşshar al-assad came to power with 97 percent of the vote in the presidential referendum.
— when assad came to power, the opening period in the fields of democratization, human rights and freedom of expression, which began in syria, called the "spring of damascus", ended in february 2001.
the future in aleppo is pregnant with history
when "damascus spring" came to an end, syria moved away from political reforms by citing foreign policy issues. many opponents who demanded democracy and reform in syria signed the "damascus declaration" in october 2005.
— then five assad, "damascus
he imprisoned some of these opponents who signed the declaration. some had to leave the country.
the demonstrations that started in dera after the "arab spring" wave in the middle east spread to syria spread throughout the country as of march 16, 2011.
— the syrian regime described the people who demanded a freer and more democratic syria as "terrorists aimed at disrupting the peace and stability of the country". they began to suppress these demands by using extreme violence. as a result, the civil war broke out. since 2011, hundreds of thousands of syrians have lost their lives in the civil war that broke out, millions of people have been displaced or taken refuge in neighboring countries.
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