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I had already read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer before, and Huckleberry Finn was one of the characters in that book. Because of that, I became curious about him and wanted to read Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as well.
After I started reading, I realized that I really enjoyed the humorous style of the book. The language and the dialogues made the story more interesting and enjoyable for me.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published in 1884 and is considered one of the major works of American Realism. Unlike Romantic literature, Twain focuses on ordinary people, realistic language, and social problems. Through Huck’s journey, the novel reflects important issues of 19th-century American society such as racism, slavery, violence, religious hypocrisy, and social inequality. Twain also satirizes romantic adventure stories, especially through the character of Tom Sawyer.
The novel follows Huck Finn, a young boy who escapes from his abusive father and travels along the Mississippi River with Jim, an escaped enslaved man. During their journey, they meet many different people and experience both humorous and serious situations. Through these adventures, Huck begins to question society’s values, racism, religion, and morality.
Huck also starts to test the religious teachings of Miss Watson and Widow Douglas. He does not fully accept everything that society and religion teach him, and throughout the novel he tries to understand what is morally right by himself.
Mark Twain mainly criticizes romanticism and unrealistic adventure stories. Tom tries to behave like the characters in books, while Huck thinks more realistically and questions these ideas. Through this contrast, Twain makes fun of romantic ideals that are disconnected from real life. Whether everything we learn from books is true is questioned.
Twain uses humor to show Huck’s limited education and childish understanding of history and religion, especially when Huck talks about kings and Solomon. Widow Douglas and Miss Watson try to teach Huck religion and morality, but Huck often questions their ideas in his own way. At the same time, Twain also criticizes how people accept ideas without questioning them. Huck may be uneducated, but he still tries to think logically for himself.
Huck also seems very naïve in these parts. He believes that Solomon was wise mainly because Widow Douglas told him so. This shows how Huck is influenced by the adults around him.
In some parts of the novel, Twain uses humor to discuss cultural differences and prejudice. Huck tries to explain logically why French people speak differently, but Jim says, “Why can’t a Frenchman talk like a human?” Through this conversation, Twain shows how people often judge other cultures based on their own limited understanding.
Twain also criticizes deception and how easily people can be manipulated. The Duke and the King advertise their fake Shakespeare performance with exaggerated and dramatic posters, pretending to be famous actors from London. Through this, Twain satirizes both the frauds themselves and the people who are willing to believe them so easily. (using big names)
Additionally novel gives important information about American society in the 19th century. Twain criticizes mob mentality, violence, and lynching culture. He suggests that many people are not truly brave as individuals, but act brave only when they are part of a crowd. The passage also reflects the social pressure around masculinity and courage, as well as the violence and weak sense of justice that existed in that period.
In another part, Twain uses humor to criticize monarchy and authority. Huck claims that all kings are dishonest and corrupt, and he gives examples such as Henry VIII, saying that he married different women and had them executed one after another. Huck also mixes different historical and fictional stories together, for example combining Henry VIII with stories from Arabian Nights. This creates comedy and shows Huck’s limited education. At the same time, Twain criticizes the abuse of power and society’s admiration for kings and authority figures
In last parts of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer becomes unhappy because rescuing Jim is too easy. Even though Jim could be freed quickly, Tom wants to create a difficult and dramatic escape plan like the ones in adventure novels. He thinks a real escape should include danger, secret plans, and challenges.
This scene is satirical because Mark Twain mocks romantic adventure stories and people who copy them blindly. Tom treats Jim’s escape like a game, while for Jim it is a serious matter of freedom. Twain uses humor and irony to criticize both childish romantic ideas and society’s careless attitude toward slavery.
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