The mahalles were well entrenched as basic communities at the local level
and played key roles in shaping local identities and solidarities. This solidarity
entailed a particular modus vivendi, plus some sort of collective defense, as
well as various mechanisms of mutual control and surveillance, many of them
designed for regulating and monitoring public morality. In many mahalles
collective social life was real, durable, and strong. In many of them, for
instance, self-appointed bands of youths would act as militias to defend the
mahalle’s “honor” from outside “agressions.” In others, there were, in the
nineteenth century, self-organized amateur “fire-brigades” who took charge
of the extinction of real and of the prevention of potential fires. These young
mens’ brotherhood type of groups (tulumbacı) also took upon themselves the
task of defending the honor and reputation of the locals.