Quotes
When you push the boundaries, a lot of it is just probing. It has to be inefficient," Casadevall told me. "What's gone totally is that time to talk and synthesize. People grab lunch and bring it into their offices. They feel lunch is inefficient, but often that's the best time to bounce ideas and make connections."
When engineer Bill Gore left DuPont to form the company that in- vented Gore-Tex, he fashioned it after his observation that companies do their most impactful creative work in a crisis, because the disciplin- ary boundaries fly out the window. "Communication really happens in the carpool," he once said. He made sure that "dabble time" was a cultural staple.
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Dance Across Diciplines
They aren't giving students the tools to analyze the modern world, except in their area of specialization. Their education is too nar- row." He does not mean this in the simple sense that every computer science major needs an art history class, but rather that everyone needs habits of mind that allow them to dance across disciplines
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One of those desirable difficulties is known as the "generation ef safect." Struggling to generate an answer on your own, even a wrong one enhances subsequent learning.
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The group tracked the impact of research papers over time. They saw that papers with new knowledge combinations were more likely to be published in less prestigious journals, and also much more likely to be ignored upon publication. They got off to a slow start in the world, but after three years, the papers with new knowledge combos surpassed the conventional papers, and began accumulating more citations from other scientists. Fifteen years after publication, studies that made multiple new knowledge combinations were way more likely to be in the top 1 percent of most-cited papers.
To recap: work that builds bridges between disparate pieces of knowl- edge is less likely to be funded, less likely to appear in famous journals, more likely to be ignored upon publication, and then more likely in the long run to be a smash hit in the library of human knowledge.
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Compare yourself to your self yesterday
So, about that one sentence of advice: Don't feel behind. Two Roman historians recorded that when Julius Caesar was a young man he saw a statue of Alexander the Great in Spain and broke down in tears. "Alexander at my age had conquered so many nations, and I have all this time done nothing that is memorable," he supposedly said.
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They must be taught to think before being taught what to think about
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Modern work de-mands knowledge transfer: the ability to apply knowledge to new situa- tions and different domains. Our most fundamental thought processes have changed to accommodate increasing complexity and the need to derive new patterns rather than rely only on familiar ones. Our concep- tual classification schemes provide a scaffolding for connecting knowl- edge, making it accessible and flexible.
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