Myths, Identity and Politics in Transcaucasia

The Value of the Past

Victor Schnirelmann

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Indeed, “... history is not a product of the past but a response to requirements of the present” (Eriksen 1993: 72). To paraphrase Peter Worsley (1984: 249), one can argue that the past is “not absolute or simply intellectual category, but is invoked to provide identities, which legitimize claims to rights”. In fact, people construct the past, first, with reference to both the contemporary socio-political landscape and the interests and values embedded in it (Fogelson 1989: 139), and second, in order to develop projects for the future that are based on the respectively interpreted or reinterpreted past.
However, only a few people were aware that even in the Soviet Union language was by no means a universal factor in identity. For example, the Ajars and Meskhetian Turks distinguished themselves from the Georgians by loyalty to Islam; the same situation obtained for the Kriashens (Orthodox Christian Tatars) who, despite their Tatar language, also isolated themselves from the Volga River Tatars for religious reasons. At the same time, the ethnic majority hardly appreciated this position; the Georgians still include the Ajars in their own entity, and the Volga River Tatars never opposed themselves to the Kriashens. All of this manifested more than simply a willingness to maintain ethnic ties. The problem went much deeper, for in the Soviet environment the republics were built up on an ethnic basis, and ethnic identity was closely related to political and territorial issues. Indeed, only titled people enjoyed full rights and felt comfortable about their autonomy within a particular territory. That is why everything mattered for them, especially the size of their population and their ability to incorporate related ethnic groups or to impose the idea of a common origin even upon those ethnic minorities, who were in fact of different origin.