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Geometri
Geometri ile ünlü olmak
Oldukça sivir uca sahip pergel kullanacaksınız. Üzerinde çalıştığınız kağıdın eski bir telefon defteri veya kalın bir mukavva üzerine olması gerekir. Eğer bunların üzerinde çalışmazsanız, pergelin sivri ucu yemek masanını çizecektir. O zaman ünlü olmak için bir sebebiniz daha olur. Dünyanın en sinirli anne ve babasına sahip olursunuz!
Sayfa 117Kitabı okudu
Geometri, barutun icat edilmesinin bir sonucu olarak da yeni önem kazandı: Artık tahkimatların (fortifications) düz hatta uçan top güllelerine karşı koyacak şekilde inşa edilmesi şarttı. Fransızların trace italienne ve Amerika kolonicilerinin "yıldız kale" adını verdiği tabyalar, 15. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren sadece Avrupa'da değil, Asya'da ve Yenidünya'da, kısacası topların kullanıldığı her yerde inşa edilmeye başlandı.
Yeni tahkimat bilimi, aralarında Galileo'nun da bulunduğu matematikçiler tarafından öğretildi.
Sayfa 196 - Yapı Kredi YayınlarıKitabı okudu
Aristotle must have passed much time there, quietly observing many vessels, for eventually he was struck by a peculiar thought. All ships seemed to vanish hull first, then masts and sails. He wondered, how could that be? On a flat earth, ships should dwindle evenly until they disappear as a tiny featureless dot. That the masts and sails vanish last, Aristotle saw in a flash of genius, is a sign that the earth is curved.
Thanks to Descartes, geometric concepts such as coordinates and graphs, sines and cosines, vectors and tensors, angles and curvature, appear in every context of physics from solid state electronics to the large-scale structure of space-time.
Taxes were perhaps the first imperative for the development of geometry, for although in theory the Pharaoh owned all land and possessions, in reality temples and even private individuals owned real estate. The government assessed land taxes based on the height of the year's flood and the surface area of the holdings.
The oldest known use of the plus sign for addition occurs in a German manuscript written in 1481.
Babylonians appear to have known the Pythagorean Theorem, that for a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the bases. They recorded low-lying triplets such as 3,4,5 or 5,12,13, but also others as large as 3456,3367,4825.
Given a square with sides measuring one unit in length, what is the length of the diagonal? The Pythagorean Greeks realized the number cannot be written as a whole number or fraction, a situation that we today recognize as meaning that it is given by an endless string of decimals with no pattern: 1.414213562 ... To the Greeks, this caused great trauma, a crisis of religious proportion, for the sake of which at least one scholar was murdered.
In his travels to Babylon, Thales studied the science and mathematics of astronomy, and gained local fame by bringing this knowledge to Greece. One of Thales' legendary accomplishments was to predict the solar eclipse of 585 B.C. Herodotus tells us that it occurred during a battle, stopped the fighting, and brought on a lasting peace.
Thales made the first steps toward the systemization of geometry. He was the first to prove geometric theorems of the kind Euclid would gather in his Elements centuries later. Realizing that rules were needed for determining what might validly follow from what, Thales also invented the first system of logical reasoning.