Alexei Panshin

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Asimov would summarize its nature this way: "Psycho-history dealt not with man, but with man-masses. It was the science of mobs; mobs in their billions. It could forecast reactions to stimuli with something of the accuracy that a lesser science could bring to the forecast of a rebound of a billiard ball. The reaction of one man could be forecast by no known mathematics; the reaction of a billion is something else again."
“The Search” was the first science fiction story to imagine that a continuing organization of human beings might stand apart from the flow of history and then dip back in wherever it seemed appropriate to positively affect the direction of human affairs. Van Vogt’s Possessors, ranging forth from their Palace of Immortality to play beneficent god with history and then returning to file reports on the subject, would stimulate the imaginations of many SF writers.
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Writing out of mental imagery, lack of conscious foreknowledge of what was to come next, and dreamstuff was the only effective way that van Vogt knew to produce science fiction at all. He says, “I have tried to plot stories consciously, from beginning to end, and I never sell them. I know better, now, than to even attempt to write them that way.”
In place of a universe of constantly competing particles effectively going nowhere, Whitehead was offering the alternative vision of an organic and interconnected universe evolving through creativeness and cooperation. Thinking such as this—neither spiritual nor materialistic, but holistic, organic, environmental and evolutionary—was a genuine rarity in the Twenties. But the young Alfred van Vogt found it highly appealing and took to it eagerly.
The real difference between the two pioneer psychiatrists was that Freud perceived the new unknown aspect of mind as a sub conscious, a closed auxiliary basement chamber. Jung, however, visualized the new reaches of mind as an un conscious, a great undiscovered country much vaster in its dimensions than the meagre territory encompassed by the individual conscious mind. Some of what might be discovered there assuredly did consist of thoughts repressed by the individual, but by far the greater part of the unconscious was common to the collectivity of man.
And by the early Twenties, the victory of matter over spirit would even lead to the establishment of one American school of psychology, the behaviorists, that would attempt to model itself upon the prototypical hard science—Nineteenth Century cause-and-effect physics. The behaviorists would recognize no necessity at all for the hypothesis of mind. They would completely repudiate both consciousness and purpose. Instead, they would presume to account for all human behavior in terms of external stimulus-and-response
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