Chris Chambers Sözleri ve Alıntıları
Chris Chambers sözleri ve alıntılarını, Chris Chambers kitap alıntılarını, Chris Chambers en etkileyici cümleleri ve paragragları 1000Kitap'ta bulabilirsiniz.
Replication is the immune system of science, identifying false discoveries by testing whether other scientists can repeat them. Without replication, we have no way of knowing which discoveries are genuine and which are caused by technical error, researcher bias, fraud, or the play of chance. And if we don't know which results are reliable, how can we generate meaning ful theories?
Unfortunately, as we saw earlier, the process of replication-so intrinsic to the scientific method is largely ignored or distorted in psychology.
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Some of the most frustrating problems are trivially technical. Many of the available (free) data-archiving services, such as Figshare, Zenodo and Dataverse, place a limit on the maximum size of individual files that can be uploaded even though they don’t limit the overall size of an uploaded archive. In some areas of psychology very large files are routinely acquired, such as videos or neuroimaging data sets, and arbitrary file size limits are an unnecessary deterrent to sharing. Even with such barriers removed, there is no escaping the fact that archiving data and code in a form that others can comprehend requires a much greater investment of time than researchers are accustomed to spending. Among all the commodities in science, staff time is among the most expensive, so a commitment to data sharing will need to be recognized and supported by both funders and academic institutions.
As my doubts grew, the idealism of my younger self began to reassert itself. My institute was packed to the rafters with brilliant people, but it felt like the scientific equivalent of an elite telemarketing company. Walking in the front door each morning you would face off against a wall- mounted screen listing this week’s “top sellers”—the roll call of who published what in which prestigious journal. Nature Neuroscience. Current Biology. Science. The last- author credit would always belong to one of the professors, with the first- author slot filled by a tireless protégé who barely left the building. If your name wasn’t on that list (and mine usually wasn’t) you felt small, inadequate, an imposter.
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At the opposite end of the spectrum lie those who will take these sins as proof that psychology isn’t a science and should therefore be abandoned. This is equally false. Precisely what makes an area of study a science is a vexed question that has provoked strong and varied reactions from philosophers for over a century. To adopt a Popperian perspective, a scientific discipline can be said to be one in which the phenomenon under investigation is quantifiable, the hypothesis testable, the experiment repeatable, and the theory falsifiable. Much psychological research clearly meets all these conditions even when its practitioners—psychological scientists—fail to meet the highest standards in every area.
There is no question that the practices of Diederik Stapel were among the most extreme acts of academic misconduct known, but where should we draw the line between fraud and the gray area of legal but questionable practices that form socalled cultural problems in science ?
In science, prioritizing novelty hinders rather than helps discovery because it dismisses the value of direct (or close) replication. As we have seen, journals are the gatekeepers to an academic career, so if they value findings that are positive and novel, why would scientists ever attempt to replicate each other? Under a neophilic incentive structure, direct replication is discarded as boring, uncreative, and lacking in intellectual prowess.