Jean Aitchison

The Articulate Mammal author
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In her new home, Washoe was given an infant chimp, Loulis, to adopt, and tried to teach him some signs. On one occasion, Washoe put a chair in front of Loulis, and then demonstrated the CHAIRSIT sign to him five times. And, both through imitating Washoe and other signing chimps, Loulis developed his own repertoire of signs. These days, Washoe, Loulis and two other chimps, Tatu and Dar all live together. They interact with humans and each other by means of signs, though of course also use spontaneous chimp gestures and vocalizations.
Increasingly, linguists are finding that syntax and semantics are intrinsically linked together, and cannot easily be separated. It is far easier to split off phonology. Syntax and semantics together form the essence of any language.
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Alex, another grey parrot, has gone much further. Alex was bought from a pet store in the Chicago area of America in 1977 when he was 13 months old. After careful training, he could label more than thirty objects, such as grape, chair, key, carrot; seven colours such as blue, yellow, purple; and five shapes such as triangle, square. He could also respond to questions asking whether colours and shapes were the same or different.
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Adults can, however, help their children by talking about things that interest them, and engaging in joint enterprises: ‘Now, then, Shirley, are you going to help mummy peel the potatoes? Can you get me six out of that basket?’ The tendency of girls to be mildly ahead of boys in their language may be due to the different treatment meted out by parents. Girls are often kept in to help with the chores in many families, but boys are sent out to play games. Mothers, rather than footballs, aid progress in language. And sensitive fathers can help their sons too.
We all know how difficult it is to hear the exact sounds of a foreign word. This is because we are so busy imposing on it what we expect to hear, in terms of our own language habits, that we fail to notice certain novel features.
Most people can report the word played to the right ear (which is directly linked to the left hemisphere) more accurately than the word played to the left ear (linked to the right hemisphere). It is clear that this is not simply due to an overall preference for sounds heard in the right ear, because for non-linguistic sounds the left ear is better. If different tunes are played simultaneously into each ear, subjects will identify the tune played into the left ear better than the one directed into the right ear.
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40 öğeden 31 ile 40 arasındakiler gösteriliyor.