Hint alt kıtasında doğan Dilip Hiro Virginia Politeknik Enstitüsü ve Eyalet Üniversitesi'nde bir yüksek lisans derecesi aldı Hindistan, İngiltere ve Amerika'da, eğitim gördü. Daha sonra 1960'ların ortalarında Londra'ya yerleşti ve tam zamanlı bir yazar, gazeteci ve yorumcu oldu. 35 kitap yayınladı. Ön çalışmalarından üç tanesi yayıncı tarafından 2013 yılında yeniden basıldı.
They argued that Islam was an alien faith, imposed on the local population by invading Arabs, Iranians, and Ottoman Turks. Since Islam discriminated against women, upheld the power of male elders, and encouraged intolerance and fanaticism, it was conservative, even reactionary. As it divided the world strictly into opposing believers and infidels, it was a barrier to fraternization among different peoples of the USSR. Such Islamic practices as circumcision, fasting during Ramadan, and self-flagellation (by Shiites during the Ashura ceremonies) were primitive, barbaric, or unhealthy. Islamic art, architecture, and literature had failed to evolve with the times and become static. The root cause of the malaise, according to Communist ideologues, was that Islam belonged to a feudal era and had not even caught up with the capitalist stage of human development, much less the socialist.
Sayfa 49 - Anti-religious propaganda in Central Asia and anti-Islamic argument
Cemeteries, situated far from normal venues for socio-political activities, had emerged as centers for Muslim festivals and celebrations. They offered a freer environment than did the officially managed mosques.
Qadims wanted to change, but within the framework of Islamic tradition. Since their ranks consisted of guides of the Sufi orders and clerics scattered throughout the countryside, Qadims had a mass appeal.