John E. Hall Sözleri ve Alıntıları
John E. Hall sözleri ve alıntılarını, John E. Hall kitap alıntılarını, John E. Hall en etkileyici cümleleri ve paragragları 1000Kitap'ta bulabilirsiniz.Effect of Circulatory Arrest on the Brain
For many years, it was thought that this detrimental effect on the brain was caused by the acute cerebral hypoxia that occurs during circulatory arrest. However, experiments have shown that if blood clots are prevented from occurring in the blood vessels of the brain, this will also prevent much of the early deterioration of the brain during circulatory arrest. For example, in animal experiments, all the blood was removed from the animal’s blood vessels at the beginning of circulatory arrest and then replaced at the end of circulatory arrest so that no intravascular blood clotting could occur. In this experiment, the brain was usually able to withstand up to 30 minutes of circulatory arrest without permanent brain damage.
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Normally, a person cannot “feel” the heart
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kadınlarda daha yaygın görülen kansızlığın en temel nedeni
An average man excretes about 0.6 mg of iron each day, mainly into the feces. Additional quantities of iron are lost when bleeding occurs. For a woman, additional menstrual loss of blood brings long-term iron loss to an average of about 1.3 mg/day.
neutrophils and macrophages can kill bacteria
Much of the killing effect results from several powerful oxidizing agents formed by enzymes in the membrane of the phagosome or by a special organelle called the peroxisome. These oxidizing agents include large quantities of superoxide (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl ions (OH−), which are lethal to most bacteria, even in small quantities. Also, one of the lysosomal enzymes, myeloperoxidase, catalyzes the reaction between H2O2 and chloride ions (Cl-) to form hypochlorite, which is exceedingly bactericidal.
When the body becomes saturated with iron so that essentially all apoferritin in the iron storage areas is already combined with iron, the rate of additional iron absorption from the intestinal tract markedly decreases.Conversely, when the iron stores become depleted, the rate of absorption can probably accelerate five or more times normal.Thus, total body iron is regulated mainly by altering the rate of absorption.
Üşüme duyusu bizi sıcak bir ortam bulmaya zorlar. Diğer güdüler eş aramamıza ve çoğalmamıza neden olur. O halde, bir çok açıdan insan bir robot gibidir ve biz algılayan, hisseden ve bilgili varlıklar olarak yaşamın bu otomatik parçasıyız.
Ölü boşluk
Kişinin soluduğu havanın bir kısmı gaz değışımınin meydana geldiği bölgelere asla ulaşamaz, onun yerine burun, farinks ve trakea gibi, gaz değişiminin meydana gelmediği hava yollarını doldurur. Bu havaya, gaz değişiminde yararı bulunmadığı için ölü boşluk havası denir.
Ekspirasyon sırasında alveollerden gelen hava atmosfere ulaşmadan önce ilk olarak bu ölü boşluktaki hava çıkarılır. Bu nedenle, ölü boşluk, ekspirasyon gazlarının akciğerlerden uzaklaştırılmasında büyük bir dezavantaj oluşturur.
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In the cell cytoplasm, iron combines mainly with a protein, apoferritin, to form ferritin. Apoferritin has a molecular weight of about 460,000, and varying quantities of iron can combine in clusters of iron radicals with this large molecule; therefore, ferritin may contain only a small or a large amount of iron.
When listening to a normal heart with a stethoscope, one hears a sound usually described as “lub, dub, lub, dub.”
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Tetralogy of Fallot is shown in Figure 23-6; it is the most common cause of blue baby.
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