Cihan Civan Cıvaş
@Cihancivas
Öğrenci
University of Leeds Biological Sciences Neuroscience PhD Student
Leeds
30 Eylül 1994
46 okur puanı
Mart 2017 tarihinde katıldı
0-30p: Kontrollü okuyucu 📖
40-70p: Hafif bağımlı 👀
80p+: Geçmiş olsun, kitaplar seni ele geçirmiş 😅
There were only a handful of states in Asia and Africa that had the semblance of independence; the rest were colonies or dependencies of the imperialist powers.... Only Kemalist Turkey retained its full independence after 1923.
Turkish citizenship depended on residence (not birth) within the borders of the emerging state defined by the National Pact.
Kemal repeated these ideas on 1 May 1920: 'What is intended here... is not only Turks, not only Circassians, not only Kurds, not only Lazes, but the Islamic ethnic elements of all of these, a sincere community... The nation, the preservation and defence of which we have undertaken, is not only composed of one ethnic element. It is composed of various Islamic elements.'