Mertcan Bulak
@MBulak
1183 okur puanı
Ağustos 2020 tarihinde katıldı
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Like Kropotkin’s funeral in Russia two years before, Flores Magón’s in 1923 became a public demonstration. As the banners declared he ‘died for Anarchy’, but ironically the Mexican State presently came to honour its most rebellious citizen. The foremost Mexican anarchist of the twentieth century now lies entombed in the Rotunda of Illustrious Men in Mexico. City, and he is remembered throughout Mexico as ‘a great precursor of the Mexican Revolution’.
Carranza seized power in Mexico City and got the US government to recognize him and send him arms. With uprisings on his hands from the Left and Right, Carranza in 1916 further managed to enlist the support of the industrial workers organized in the anarcho-syndicalist Casa del Obrero Mundial (House of the World Worker). They agreed to join Carranza’s army and formed ‘Red Battalions’ to fight against the peasant armies of Villa and Zapata. Tricked by their leaders, the workers destroyed what remained of the social revolution. Carranza then repaid them by threatening strikers with the death penalty and by closing down the Casa del Obrero Mundial.
When the Revolution broke out in 1910, the peasants in Morelos began taking back their stolen lands and occupied the main towns. Zapata soon emerged as a leader of the movement, rather like Makhno had done in the Ukraine, but he continued for a while to listen to the politicians and to believe in legal means. He was denounced by the press as a bandit, a ‘modern Attila’ no less. When a government force was sent to crush the rising in Morelos it was defeated instead by Zapata’s forces.
Traditionally, in many parts of Mexico the land around each village, the ejidos , was held and worked communally. There were no deeds of ownership since they had not been considered necessary. Under the military dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz from 1884 to 1911 these lands were seized by large landowners with private armies. The peasants, as well as a growing number of Indians, looked to the ‘bandits’ in the hope of getting their land returned and of winning a degree of local autonomy.
In 1951, the populist President Peron declared paradoxically that ‘We are moving towards the Syndicalist State’ and organized one million people into ‘self-governing collectives’. During his rule, which ironically allowed greater participation of the people, the whole anarchist movement went underground.