Mertcan Bulak
@MBulak
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Ağustos 2020 tarihinde katıldı
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Soon afterwards an ultimatum to the rebels in Kronstadt appeared on billboards over the signature of Lenin and Trotsky: ‘Surrender or Be Shot Like Rabbits!’ The mutiny was labelled an anarchist conspiracy, and the sailors treated as White Guards. The rebels were ruthlessly suppressed by the Red Army and the Chekà under Trotsky’s orders. Trotsky boasted soon after: ‘At last the Soviet government, with an iron broom, has rid Russia of anarchism.’
Reklam
At the Tenth Party Congress in November 1920, Lenin accused the ‘Workers’ Opposition’ of ‘petty-bourgeois and anarchist deviations’ and declared that their ‘syndicalism’ and ‘semi-anarchism’ were a direct danger to the Revolution. Henceforth there was to be ‘unquestioning obedience to the orders of individual representatives of the Soviet government during work time’, as well as ‘iron discipline while at work, with unquestioning obedience to the will of a single person, the Soviet leader’.
After Makhno’s army had defeated the White Army under General Wrangel in October 1920, the Bolsheviks finally ordered his units to be absorbed into the Red Army under the supreme command of Trotsky. Makhno resisted. The officers of the Crimean Makhnovist army were then arrested while attending a joint military council and shot in November 1920. Makhno managed to fight on for another nine months against hopeless odds until August 1921. He went into exile — slandered as a bandit and a pogromist by the Bolsheviks — and died of poverty and drink in Paris.
But the delicate alliance between the Bolsheviks and the anarchists was only temporary. It soon became clear that Lenin and the Bolsheviks wanted to centralize power for themselves and to gain control over the people. They were happy to use libertarian language only if it suited their own ends. Despite its libertarian tone, Lenin had made clear in State and Revolution that it was necessary in a transitional period to establish the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ in a ‘proletarian’ State in order to crush the resistance of the bourgeoisie. By March, the Bolshevik Party had become the sole party in Russia. It used the Civil War and the threat of foreign invasion as its excuse for the clamp-down; it started to confiscate grain from the peasants and to suppress its opponents.
Leninist ideology, with its concept of a vanguard party leading the masses and its commitment to the dictatorship of the proletariat, was directly opposed to the syndicalist principle established by the inaugural declaration of the IWMA that ‘The emancipation of the workers must be brought about by the workers themselves’. The Bolsheviks moreover had no appreciation of the anarchist idea that socialism must be free or it will not be at all.
Reklam