A genetic male fetus is born with testes included inside the labia, and with an enlarged clitoris instead of a penis. These children typically are reared as girls, but with the surge of testosterone at puberty leading to male secondary sex characteristics, the children start taking on male roles, wearing male clothes, and having girlfriends (Imperator-McGinley, Peterson, Goutier, and Sturla, 1979). There is a population in the Dominican Republic where such children are relatively common. They are called Guevedoces (Spanish for "testes at twelve"), and their culture appears to provide support for the social and physiological transition from girlhood to young manhood.
Imperator-McGinley, l, R. E. Peterson, T. Gautier, and E. Sturla. 1979. Androgens and the evolution of male gender identity among male pseudohermaphrodites with 5- alpha-reductase deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 300:1233-1237.
Liberal feminism
Liberal feminism shares two fundamental assumptions with the foundations of the traditional method for scientiftc discovery: (1) Both assume that human. beings are highly individualistic and obtain knowledge in a rational manner that may be separated from their social conditions; and (2) both accept positivism as the theory of knowledge. Positivism implies that "all knowledge is constructed by inference from immediate sensory experiences" (Jaggar, 1983, pp. 355-356).
Jaggar, A. 1983. Feminist Politics and Human Nature.
Sayfa 23 - Possible Implications of Feminist Theories for the Study of Evolution - Sue V. Rosser
Darwinian Feminists
Some Feminist evolutionary biologists like myself suspect that knowledge about the naturally selected functions of human behavioral variations could be useful for those of us in the social-change business. This is because in theory, anyway, knowledge of the costs and benefits-in terms of survival and reproductive success of individuals-of cultural practices suggest tactics and strategies for elimination of or, at least, decreases in the degree or existence of women's oppressions. As I explained earlier, like all political theories, Darwinian Feminism makes predictions that guide political activism. Darwinian Feminism is based on natural selection hypotheses that explain the functions of particular human behavior. In scientific tests of these hypotheses it is absolutely necessary that predictions of the hypotheses be robustly tested using observations and experiments controlled against perceived biases before concluding that the theory is supported or not. However, political actions based on theories of Darwinian selective pressures, or any other political theories for that matter, are not held to that restrictive standard.
Sayfa 9
MENTAL PATHOLOGIES PRE-DATING THE CULT - Mistrust
Being tried for crimes by the outside world makes the guru distrust everyone, feelings that will be reinforced by the fact that his disciples are convinced that he is persecuted because of his knowledge and power. There is a resulting exchange of mistrust, a phenomenon of feedback between the disciples and the guru.
The subservience of the first persuades the second that he is in the right; in return, he entreats them with deranged conviction that the outside world is persecuting them. This mistrust can be directed toward a given community or the whole of a population or, better still, towards the cosmic neighborhood in which the cult is immersed, for example,
" 'The black Forces that invade the world invented or recreated in man antagonism, the class struggle, political parties, feminism, machismo.'
These are the body of the tail [sic] of the same dragon, of the same obscure energy that comes down to us at the threshold of the age of Aquarius. "
This dynamic of generalized mistrust is the basis of a Manichean
system on which rests the psychodynamics of the group and its leader, and which culminate in hysterical paranoia.
Sayfa 225 - ON THE PART OF THE GURUKitabı okudu
Erkek olmanın ayrıcalığından sıyrılmış, feminist politikaya kucak açmış bir erkek, mücadelemizde değerli bir yoldaşımızdır ve hiçbir şekilde feminist mücadele açısından tehdit değildir.
Sayfa 25Kitabı okudu
“Feminism is full of stories like this: of women who are not made happy by what is supposed to make them happy. This is not to say unhappiness is everywhere, but rather that the expectation of happiness, the expectation that women should smile and the world will smile with them, is what puts so much on hold; a life on hold. The expectation of happiness does not necessarily create unhappiness but it might make unhappiness harder to bear.”
“Feminism can allow you to reinhabit not only your own past but also your own body. You might over time, in becoming aware of how you have lessened your own space, give yourself permission to take up more space; to expand your own reach. It is not necessarily the case that we take up this permission simply by giving ourselves permission. It does take time, to reinhabit the body, to become less wary, to acquire confidence. Feminism involves a process of finding another way to live in your body.”
What we want is freedom, what we want is the power to determine our destiny.
Sayfa 105Kitabı okudu
the schoolman said
The world is hard harder for girls than it ever was
What a beautiful day Dan texts
I know nothing about it I respond
Sayfa 83Kitabı okudu