After 1500 the maritime hegemony that created and sustained an empire of sea lanes and trade was held on the sufferance of a far larger power, one that had its own Arsenale on the Golden Horn, and a supply of seafaring subject peoples to match that of Xerxes. Fortunately for Venice the Ottomans were more concerned with land than trade, enabling the Republic to retain much of the commerce of the East, but defence costs necessarily rose