The traditional mahalles of Istanbul were generally very mixed in terms
of wealth, social class, and status. Residential patterns usually ran along lines of ethnicity and religion. However, ethnically and/or religiously mixed mahalles
were not infrequent either. Recent studies have tended to show that even in
the early periods of Ottoman rule, ethnic and religious identities did not
necessarily exhaust the definition of a mahalle. The notion of the absolute
homogeneity of the Islamic or Middle Eastern town quarter regarding its
social composition and the idea that these neighborhoods were exclusively
defined by religious, ethnic, class, or occupational affiliation have also seriously been challenged by recent studies on Ottoman cities, especially in the
empire’s Arab provinces.