Reflex arcs:
Most of the afferent impulses are involuntarily translated into reflex responses. For example, a fall in blood pressure causes pressure-sensitive neurons (baroreceptors in the heart, vena cava, aortic arch, and carotid sinuses) to send fewer impulses to cardiovascular centers in the brain. This prompts a reflex response of increased sympathetic output to the heart and vasculature and decreased parasympathetic output to the heart, which results in a compensatory rise in blood pressure and heart rate.
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Persons with kidney injury or excessive secretion of antinatriuretic hormones such as angiotensin II or aldo- sterone, however, may be salt-sensitive, with an attenu- ated renal output curve similar to the acute curve shown in Figure 19-4. In these cases, even moderate increases in salt intake may cause significant increases in arterial pressure.
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