Serhan Calba: In the “South,” the “periphery,” the “less developed” economies, the average person consumed significantly fewer manufactured goods than the average person in Europe or North America, and domestic factories produced little aside from clothing. Poorer countries were unable to move up the economic ladder, processing their cotton into fabric and their ore into iron bars, because of the high cost of shipping their goods and because the wealthier countries raised barriers to their industrial exports. Few jobs offered more than a subsistence wage. One statistic graphically captures the divide: In 1959, Latin America, Africa, and Asia, added together, were responsible for less than 10 percent of the world’s manufacturing output.

In the “South,” the “periphery,” the “less developed” economies, the average person consumed significantly fewer manufactured goods than the average person in Europe or North America, and domestic factories produced little aside from clothing. Poorer countries were unable to move up the economic ladder, processing their cotton into fabric and their ore into iron bars, because of the high cost of shipping their goods and because the wealthier countries raised barriers to their industrial exports. Few jobs offered more than a subsistence wage. One statistic graphically captures the divide: In 1959, Latin America, Africa, and Asia, added together, were responsible for less than 10 percent of the world’s manufacturing output.

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Serhan Calba