WE SHOULD take seriously, then, the idea that we possess an innate and universal morality. But we can’t know if this is true until we study the minds of babies. Such research is hard; it is notoriously difficult to know what is going on inside of a baby’s head. When my sons were babies, I would stare at them and wonder what, precisely, stared back. They were like my dog, only more fascinating. (Now they are teenagers, wonderful in many ways, but a lot less professionally interesting—I know what it’s like to be a teenager.) The developmental psychologist John Flavell once said that he would give up all his degrees and honors for just five minutes inside the head of a two-year-old. I would give up a month of my life for those five minutes—and I’d give up six months for five minutes as an infant.