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Baruch Spinoza (b. 24 November 1632, Amsterdam – d. 21 February 1677, The Hague), also known as Benedictus de Spinoza or Bento d'Espiñoza.
He was a Dutch philosopher of Jewish origin. Spinoza, an early thinker of the Enlightenment, put forward modern views about the universe and the person, made pioneering covenant criticisms, and over time was accepted as one of the most prominent rationalists of 17th century philosophy. Influenced by Descartes' ideas, Spinoza became a leading philosopher of the Dutch Golden Age.
His greatest work is the book called Ethics. He completed his work titled Ethics in 1675. This work circulated in a certain circle, was discussed and evaluated, but was not published because Spinoza did not allow it while he was alive.
He met with Leibniz in 1676, a year before his death. In the same year, the Hague Synod decided to pursue the author of Theological-Political Treatises.
The works of Spinoza, who died on February 21, 1677, were published by his friends in Amsterdam under the name Opera Posthuma (Ethica, Tractatus politicus, Tractatus de intellectus emendatione, Epistolae, Compendium Grammatices Linguae Hebrae).