In February 1220, these forces reunited at Bukhara, the Central Asian center of learning and trade that produced the sumptuous silken carpets which still bear its name. Bukhara in those days was “the cupola of Islam,” a city “embellished with the rarest of high attainments,” in the words of the thirteenth-century Persian chronicler Ala-ad-Din Ata-Malikjuvaini.