What Makes Biology Unique? Gönderileri
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There is no activity, movement, or behavior of an organism that is not in fluenced by the genetic program. This program, consisting of the genotype of each living individual, is the product of billions of years of natural selection in every generation. The structural laws and the messages from the genetic program function simultaneously and in harmony, but genetic programs occur only in living organisms. They provide an absolute borderline between the inanimate and the living world. Naturalists, of course, have been aware of this fundamental difference for thousands of years, but their explanation for it was invalid. They tried to attribute life to the occult force of vitalism, a vis vitalis, but eventually it was determined that such a force does not exist. Darwin was not a vitalist, but he was not able to explain life.
Sayfa 90Kitabı okudu
"What (reductionism) breeds is physics worship coupled with neglect of the ‘higher-level’ sciences. Infatuation with what is supposedly possible in principle goes with indifference to practice and to the actual structure of practice."
Sayfa 69 - Hilary Putnam, 1973.Kitabı okudu
"Goal-directed...behavior is extremely widespread in the organic world; for instance, most activities connected with migration, foodgetting, courtship, ontogeny and all phases of reproduction are characterized by such goal orientation. The occurrence of goal-directed processes is perhaps the most characteristic feature of the world of living organisms."
Sayfa 52 - Mayr, 1988.Kitabı okudu
“What draws philosophers toward teleology is that one has to know, or at least it is generally thought what makes biology unique? That one has to know, absolutely no biology at all! Philosophers want no empirical factors deflecting them in their neo-Scholastic pursuits.”
Sayfa 44 - Michael RuseKitabı okudu