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Nutrigenetik
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Weight Management
Adipocytes have cell surface receptors that respond to various environmental factors, such as catecholamines produced during exercise, to mobilize stored fat. An example is the receptor encoded by the ADRB2 gene, which has a greater propensity to store dietary fat as body fat. Individuals with either of these variants will find it more challenging to maintain a healthy weight and may need to restrict their dietary fat intake or engage in regular, vigorous exercise to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
CHAPTER 5 Clinical: Nutritional Genomics
Weight Management
An SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) in the FTO gene is associated with increased risk of obesity, and the effect was correlated directly with the number of copies of the SNP.
In 2009 two large genome-wide association studies found the FTO variant to be associated with BMI (Thorleifsson et al, 2009; Willer et al, 2009).
A number of other gene variants have been implicated in weight management, including ADRB3, FABP2, POMC, and PPARG, but none so dramatically as FTO. The FTO variant also may increase risk for T2DM and CVD through its effect on susceptibility to increased body fat.
CHAPTER 5 Clinical: Nutritional Genomics