You might say : “ gidene yol yakışır” :)
Discorve was much more difficult than it is now, because a man was asked ‘why?’, and this question forced him to act carefully..
II. Manuel Palaiologos
Manuel babası, ağabeyi ve ağabeyinin oğlu VII. Ioannes ile çekişmeler yaşamış, defalarca iç savaşa tanık olmuştur. 1376-1379 yılları arasında Andronikos tarafından babası ve erkek kardeşi Theodoros ile Anemas Zindanı’na kapatılmıştır. Ayrıca 1382’de babasının Andronikos’u tekrar veliaht ilan etmesi üzerine babasına isyan ederek, Selanik’e gitmiş,
At Lepanto the Ottomans now had a secure forward base on the edge of the Ionian Sea from which to conduct naval operations. During this tense time, Leonardo da Vinci arrived in the city to offer his services as a military engineer. He came with a head full of extraordinary schemes for the city’s defence – a diving suit of pig’s leather with bamboo pipes for air tubes, sketches for submarines . Whatever conversations took place came to nothing. (Two years later he was drawing up proposals to put to Sultan Bayezit for a single-span bridge across the Golden Horn.)
It was the Republic’s policy never to make military alliances with the Ottomans, as the Genoese did, but neither were they in a position to act against them. Always distracted by other wars and by trading interests, and wary of unstable crusading alliances which could leave them dangerously exposed, they watched and waited.
As Hungary’s hold on the Adriatic weakened and the Ottomans drew ever nearer, many of the small cities on the Dalmatian coast that had once struggled so hard against Venice came to seek its protection. When the Ottomans in their turn were thrown into turmoil by civil war, the Republic prospered. Between 1380 and 1420 Venice doubled its land holdings – and almost as importantly its population.
Rise of Ottomans dizisine yanlış kişileri danışman yapmışlar sanırım
Şehrin en sahici fotoğrafı olan makberler, yaşayan ölülere ne kadar duyurmak istiyordur seslerini. Fatih’in kabri, belki de yan caddeden jiple geçerken elindeki sigarasını camdan dışarı sarkıtan hanımefendiye, “Bu topraklarda hem sigara içmek, hem de âşufte suretinde dolaşmak yasaktır.” diyordur. Fakat kim duyar, duysa da kim dinler ki?
Sayfa 174 - Hüküm Kitap
Çaldıran Savaşı ile Safevi Yayılmacılığının Durması
The defeat at Chaldiran ended the first phase of Safavid history. Geographically, the Safavids lost only the province of Diyar Bakr, but the momentum of expansion was gone. Ismail, who had been a charismatic, aggressive leader, became passive. He never led his troops in battle again. Of the last ten years of his reign, there is little to report. The establishment phase of the Safavid Empire ended with a Qizilbash confederation ruling Azerbaijan, Iraq, western Iran, and Khurasan. It confronted the Ottomans in the west and Uzbeks in the east and was committed to Shii Islam as the religion of the general population.
Unlike earlier wars in Europe, the Long War produced no profit. The jalali disorders disrupted the economy of much of Anatolia. The timar army cost the central treasury almost nothing in cash; the central army and the sekban required cash payment, but the dwindling number of sipahis and the need for the larger armies that only the sekban could provide forced the Ottomans to alter the provincial financial, administrative, and military structure. They transferred much of the provincial revenue from timar holders to tax farmers and used the revenue to support sekban infantry rather than sipahi cavalry. This policy reflected not the military
obsolescence of the sipahis but their dwindling numbers, the need for
larger armies, and the interests of the qapiqullar.