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Coulomb established what we now call Coulomb’s law:
The magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In mathematical terms, the magnitude F of the force that each of two point charges q1 and q2 a distance r apart exerts on the other can be expressed as
F = k. |q1 q2|/r^2 (21.1)
where k is a proportionality constant whose numerical value depends on the system of units used. The absolute value bars are used in Eq. (21.1) because the charges q1 and q2 can be either positive or negative, while the force magnitude F is always positive.
Most of the forces on (...) water skier are electric. Electric interactions between adjacent molecules give rise to the force of the water on the ski, the tension in the tow rope, and the resistance of the air on the skier’s body. Electric interactions also hold the atoms of the skier’s body together. Only one wholly nonelectric force acts on the skier: the force of gravity.
A laser printer utilizes the forces between charged bodies. The
printer’s light-sensitive imaging drum is given a positive charge. As the drum rotates, a laser beam shines on selected areas of the drum, leaving those areas with a negative charge. Positively charged particles of toner adhere only to the areas of the drum “written” by the laser. When a piece of paper is placed in contact with the drum, the toner particles stick to the paper and form an image.
The ancient Greeks discovered as early as 600 b.c. that after they rubbed amber with wool, the amber could attract other objects. Today we say that the amber has acquired a net electric charge, or has become charged. The word “electric” is derived from the Greek word elektron, meaning amber.
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It’s not correct to say that the moon orbits the earth; rather, both the earth and the moon move in orbits around their common center of mass.