Among other things, the Montreux Treaty restored Turkish sovereignty over the Straits. Turkey was free to remilitarize the Straits zone. Freedom of commerce was guaranteed both in
peace and in war, and even if Turkey was belligerent. However, transit of commercial shipping and warships of the non-Black
Sea powers was restricted to no more than 30,000 tons, and warships to 15,000 tons, respectively, at one time. Transit of all warships had to be preceded by a notification to the Turkish gov
ernment. Belligerents were prohibited from using the Straits except when acting under the authority of the League of Nations, or when acting in accordance with a regional pact to which Turkey was a party and which was registered at Geneva under Article XVIII of the Covenant. Turkey was authorized to close the Straits in case of a war of aggression, subject to a two-thirds vote of the League Council. The duration of Montreux Convention was twenty years and it might be revised every five years.However, Soviet Russia refused to sign the convention
A weaker side at sea controlling one or both shores of an international strait can exercise significant influence on the operational or even strategic situation in a given maritime theater. This is especially true if a strait is the sea’s only
exit. Normally, defense of a major strait is an operational objective. Retaining its control, as the Turkish defense of Gallipoli/Dardanelles in 1915 shows, might even have a strategic effect on the course of a war. It would require the
planning and execution of a major joint/combined operation.
Sayfa 332 - Defense / capturing a choke pointKitabı okudu
In general, defense can be defined as a series of actions and measures aimed at denying to the enemy control of an area,
position or place/location, and/or at preventing destruction/neutralization of one’s forces