William G. McCown

Procrastination and Task Avoidance yazarı
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Procrastinators reported lower self esteem and higher public self-consciousness, social anxiety and self handicapping than nonprocrastinators.
Ferrari (1992b) found that for high GP (generel procrastination) scores perfectionistic behavior loaded with acquisitive and protective self-presentation, social anxiety and self-handicapping (indicating "getting along" with others factor for doing fine work). For low GP scores, perfectionism loaded only with acquisitive self-presentation ( suggesting a striving for excellence motivation by "getting ahead" of others).
Reklam
He found that procrastination scores loaded on a profile of neurotic disorganization and rebelliousness with personal projects of high stress and difficulty, and low progress. Procrastinators also loaded on a profile with low-energy level and need for achievement with projects that were low in stress and difficulty, and high in progress. For women, procrastination loaded with neurotic disorganization, high-cognitive failures, low self-esteem and energy level. For men, procrastination loaded with neurotic disorganization and either high other-directed self-monitoring, low sensitivity for rejection, or high private self-consciousness and low stimulus screening.
Tuckman (1991) claimed that procrastination is caused by a combination of one's disbelief that he or she is capable of performing tasks well, inability to postpone gratification, and frequent assignment of blame to external sources for life "predicaments".
A factor analysis indicated three types of procrastination: Type 1 academic procrastinator who is an impulsive person preoccupied with time loss, Type 2 extravert procrastinator who is energetic and slightly anxious, and Type 3 neurotic procrastinator who can't get a handle on finishing tasks with time seeming to be out of his or her control.
Fear of failure correlated significantly with depression (.41).
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