Mertcan Bulak
@MBulak
1180 okur puanı
Ağustos 2020 tarihinde katıldı
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Bethlehem Chapel near the university gave Hus an unrivaled opportunity to circulate Wyclif’s teachings, including his criticisms of the abuses of power in the papacy. On the walls were paintings contrasting the behavior of the popes and Christ. The pope rode a horse; Christ walked barefoot. Jesus washed the disciples’ feet; the pope preferred to have his kissed.
Hangi tür kitapları seviyorsun?
🔎 Polisiye
💕 Romantik
🚀 Bilim Kurgu
🏰 Fantastik
📖 Klasik
🧠 Kişisel Gelişim
🏛️ Tarih
😱 Gerilim
Wyclif’s denial of transubstantiation gave his enemies their opportunity. His support dwindled to a small minority at Oxford. First, the chancellor and a small council condemned his doctrines and forbade him to lecture. Then the archbishop of Canterbury, William Courtenay, followed with another council that condemned ten of Wyclif’s doctrines as heretical. By 1382 the reformer was effectively silenced at Oxford.
Martin reigned because of the council’s action. Yet as soon as he was pope, he repudiated all acts of the council, except the one by which he ruled. The legal mind of the Roman church had never encountered so great a contradiction not of theory but of practice. Martin had good reason to deny the work of the council, for it raised an important question: Who is greater, a general council that creates the pope, or the pope who claims supremacy over councils?
Thus, with Urban ruling from Rome and Clement from Avignon, the murky chapter in papal history called the Great Schism of the papacy begins. It lasted for thirty-nine years. Each pope had his own College of Cardinals, thereby insuring the papal succession of its own choice. Each pope claimed to be the true Vicar of Christ, with the power to excommunicate those who did not acknowledge him.
To replace these funds and raise new ones, the Avignon popes resorted to a host of moneymaking schemes, some old, some new. There were fees for this privilege and taxes for that. For example, the popes introduced the rule that whenever a bishop was appointed, the first year’s income—called an annat—should go to the pope. To fill a vacancy, popes often transferred a bishop from another city and thus created more annates. Or perhaps the pope delayed the appointment and received all the income in the interim. This was called a reservation.