Mertcan Bulak
@MBulak
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Ağustos 2020 tarihinde katıldı
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Gandhi developed Tolstoy’s doctrine of non-resistance into a highly effective weapon in the campaign to oust the British imperial presence. But Gandhi went beyond Tolstoy to develop collective action and organize campaigns of mass disobedience. While he declared that ‘the ideally non-violent state will be ordered anarchy’, he accepted the need for a limited government and a form of indirect democracy as a step towards the ideal.
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Just before he died, Tolstoy wrote to Gandhi, who had been overwhelmed by a reading of The Kingdom of God is Within You , that ‘love, i.e. the striving of human souls towards unity and the activity resulting from such striving, is the highest law and only law of human life.’
Not surprisingly, Lenin, while praising his criticism of capitalist exploitation and governmental violence, saw in Tolstoy’s advocacy of religion ‘one of the most corrupt things existing in the world’. The Tolstoyan non-resistance to evil, he declared, was ‘the most serious cause of the defeat of the first revolutionary movement’.
In order to bring about a free and just society, Tolstoy completely repudiated the use of physical force. He clearly understood that it is impossible to use violent means to bring about peaceful ends, to wield power to abolish power: ‘All revolutionary attempts only furnish new justification for the violence of Governments, and increase their power.’
In an article ‘Some Words About War and Peace’ (1868), Tolstoy clarified his philosophy of history. While man psychologically wishes to believe that he acts according to his own free will, and some actions do indeed depend on the will, the more he involves himself with the actions of others, the less free he is. Therefore, there is a law of predetermination guiding history, although it is difficult for men to predict or control it.