Mertcan Bulak
@MBulak
1183 okur puanı
Ağustos 2020 tarihinde katıldı
Şu anda okuduğu kitap
Tolstoy developed his own theory of spontaneous learning. He wanted to eliminate all compulsory methods and allow the students to regulate themselves. Above the school entrance he placed the inscription: ‘Enter and Leave Freely.’ The school practised non-interference, with the students allowed to learn what they wanted to learn.
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In the Crimea, Tolstoy also recovered his earlier aim in life — the ideal of virtue — which had been long forgotten because of the temptations of military society. He now decided at the age of twenty-seven that it would be his purpose in life to found a new religion corresponding to the development of mankind: ‘the religion of Christ, but purged of beliefs and mysticism, a practical religion, not promising future bliss but giving bliss on earth’.
Malatesta is the first major anarchist thinker to reject the notion of a prior natural order, a notion which had formed the bedrock of previous anarchist philosophy, and which had been habitually counterpoised to the artificial disorder of government.
After the collapse of the factory occupations and the general strike, things went from bad to worse. In 1921, some anarchists undertook a series of bombings in Milan which not only alienated many workers but provided the Fascists with an excuse to use counter-violence against the Left. The paralysed Socialist Party split into three different factions. Mussolini’s ‘march’ on Rome in 1922 heralded the defeat of the working-class movement in Italy.
Malatesta felt that ‘the general strike is pure utopia’. Far from being the great weapon of the non-violent revolution, it is fraught with difficulties. If everyone stopped work, there simply would not be enough food and essential goods in the storehouses to meet people’s immediate needs. Rather than starving the bourgeoisie, the first to starve during a general strike would be the workers themselves.
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