The physiologist Benjamin Libet famously used EEG to show that activity in the brain’s motor cortex can be detected some 300 milli-seconds before a person feels that he has decided to move. Another lab extended this work usingfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):Subjects were asked to press one of two buttons while watching a “clock” composed of a random sequence of letters appearing on a screen. They reported which letter was visible at the moment they decided to press one button or the other. The experimenters found two brain regions that contained information about which button subjects would press a full 7 to 10 seconds before the decision was consciously made. More recently, direct recordings from the cortex showed that the activity of merely 256 neurons was sufficient to predict with 80 percent accuracy a person’s decision to move 700 milli seconds before he became aware of it.
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