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On the front of the upper arms, you have the elbow flexors. Elbow flexion is moving the wrist toward the
shoulder by bending the arm. The primary elbow flexors are the biceps brachii, which are actually composed of two heads, a long head and a short head. Other elbow flexors you should know about are the brachialis and brachioradialis. These muscles contribute to movement in varying degrees depending on how the elbow flexion exercise is performed. In general, the biceps brachii is worked most with a supinated(palms-up) grip, the brachioradialis with a neutral grip(palms facing each other), and the brachialis with a pronated(palms-down) grip. This is because of the leverage of each muscle at various positions and ranges of motions.
The back of the upper arm is composed of the elbow extensors. Elbow extension is moving the wrist
away from the shoulder by straightening the arm to form a solid line from shoulder to wrist. The
primary elbow extensors consist of the three individual heads of the triceps brachii—the long head,
medial head, and lateral head
The anterior head is on the front of the body, and posterior head is located on the back of the body. The anterior head is worked during push-up variations because it is a strong shoulder flexor and transverse, or horizontal, adductor. (Adduction
moves a limb toward the midline of the body, and abduction moves a limb away from the midline of
the body.) The posterior head is worked during various rowing and pull-up exercises because it acts
as a shoulder extensor and transverse, or horizontal, abductor. However, this head is often
underdeveloped. Specific attention to the rear delts is usually provided through transverse abduction
movements of the shoulder. While all three heads contribute to handstand push-up movements, the
anterior and lateral heads are worked the most during this category of lifts. The posterior head keeps the shoulder stable and contributes slightly to the overall motion.