Mayalar
Michael D. CoeMayalar Quotes
You can find Mayalar quotes, Mayalar book quotes, the most impressive sentences and paragraphs on 1000Kitap.Mayaların Kutsal kitabından alıntı "yaratılış destanı"
Kiçe Mayalarının büyük destanı Popol Vuh'a göre, ata tanrılar Qukumatz ve Tepew, sular arasından yeryüzünü çıkarıp hayvan ve bitkiler ile donattılar. Yaratılıştan sonra bu kutsal varlıklar, dualarla anılmak ve yüceltilmek isteğiyle çamurdan insanımsı yaratıklar yaptılar ancak bunlar çamura dönüştüler. Ardından bir ahşap figürler nesli belirdi, ancak tanrılar bu akılsız cüceleri yok etti, onların yerini etten yapılmış insanlar aldı. Ancak bunlarda kötülüğe dönüştüler ve kara yağmurlar yağıp yeryüzünü büyük bir sel basınca yok oldular. En sonunda mısır hamurundan gerçek insanlar, Kiçelerin ataları yaratıldı.
Sayfa 41 - arkadaş yayınlarıKitabı yarım bıraktı
The Maya are hardly a vanished people, for they number around five million souls, the largest single block of American Indians north of Peru. Most have adjusted with remarkable tenacity to the encroachments of Spanish American civilization, although over the past few decades these have taken an increasingly violent and repressive form, characterized of late by drug trafficking, displacement, migration abroad, and, in places, gang activity.
Several breeds of dog were domesticated by the Maya, each with its own name. One such strain was barkless; males were castrated and fattened on corn, and either eaten or sacrificed. Another was used in the hunt. Both wild and domestic turkeys were known, but only the former used as sacrificial victims in ceremonies.
Unlike our system, adopted from the Hindus, which is decimal and increases in value from right to left, the Maya system was vigesimal and increased from bottom to top in vertical columns. Thus, the first and lowest place has a value of one; the next above it the value of twenty; then 400; and so on. It is immediately apparent that “twenty” would be written with a nought in the lowest place and a dot in the second.
Maya takvimi
Within the Ha’b calender, there were 18 named “months” of 20 days each, with a much-dreaded interval of 5 unlucky days added at the end.
A particular day in the 260-day count, such as 1 K’an, also had a position in the Ha’b, for instance 2 Pop. A day designated as 1 K’an 2 Pop could not return until 52 Ha’b (18,980 days) had passed. This is the Calendar Round, and it is the only annual time count possessed by the highland peoples of Mexico, one that obviously has its disadvantages where events taking place over a span of more than 52 years are concerned.
The cacao bean from this tree provided chocolate, the preferred drink of the Mesoamerican ruling classes, but well into Colonial times the beans also served as a form of money in regional markets.
Temple of the Warriors was closely modeled on Pyramid “B” at Tula, but its far greater size and the excellence of the workmanship lavished upon it suggest that the Toltec intruders were better off in Yucatan, where they could call upon the skills of Maya architects and craftsmen.
Chichen Itza, which in those days may have been called Uukil-abnal (“Seven Bushes”), became, under the rule of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, the supreme metropolis of a united kingdom, a kind of splendid recreation of the Tula which he had lost.
While city-states such as Palenque, Copan, and Piedras Negras exercised considerable political control over wide areas beyond their borders, the two major “players” were Tikal and Calakmul, the latter being the largest of all Maya cities. Their conflict recalls the global Great Game of imperial powers in the nineteenth century, fighting wars through proxies, far away from their borders.
The Popol Vuh recounts how an earlier people were like artifacts shaped from mud and sticks. Heedless of the gods’ wishes, they were replaced by humans created out of maize dough. Humans could now enjoy life, yet, as part of their covenant, they had to reciprocate by praising the gods or offering their own bodies as divine food. At death, humans would repay their debt, returning to the ravenous earth from which their flesh had come. But payment could be deferred by ritual substitutes, known in some Mayan languages as k’ex. Incense, animals, and even elegant prayer did the job temporarily. The most dramatic offering, however, came from the human body, by bloodletting from the mouth, penis, ears, or the surrogate flesh of captives or slaves.