Aşk hakkında çok okudum, çok düşündüm ve nasıl sonuca vardığımı duymak ister misin? İnsan sahip olamadığı şeye aşık olur, kişiye değil. Bu bazen bir kadının kaybettiği babası yerine koyduğu bir adam oluyor, bazen yorulduğu yokluktan onu kurtaran bir şövalye, bazen bir adam için dokunulmamış bir ten, bazense ona tanrı gibi hissettiren bir seks deneyimi. Ve bazen de özgürlük. İnsanlar gerçekten kişilere mi aşık oluyor sanıyorsun? "Kaçan kovalanır" zırvalığı da aklını karıştırmadı mı hiç? Elde edemediğine bağlanıyorsun. Uğultulu Tepeler'de evin kızı neden bir beslemeye tutuldu? Çünkü heyecanlıydı, çünkü bunun onaylanmayacağını ve buna sahip olamayacağını biliyordu. Yusuf Atılgan Aylak Adam'da bütün kitap boyunca neden buladığı aşkın yetişemeyeceği otobüste olduğunu söyledi? Rome ve Juliet, düşman ailelerin çocukları olmasa yine de ölür müydü sanıyorsun? Aşk-ı Memnu'da Bihter hırslarının kurbanı mı oldu, Behlül'e olan aşkının mı? Hayır, aşk ve edebiyat dramadır. Sonu mutsuz biten hikayeleri herkes daha çok sevmedi mi? Mutlu bir sona sahip olmadıklarını bildiklerinden... Titanik batmasaydı; Rome, Juliet ve Bihter ölmeseydi; Çalıkuşu'nda Feride, Kamran'ı terk etmeseydi; yine de efsane olurlar mıydı? Rose gerçekten Jake'e aşık olsaydı onun ölmesine izin verip kendisine başka bir hayat kurabilir miydi? O fotoğrafları hatıyor musun? Ata biniyordu, çocukları ve torunları olmuştu, gülüyordu ve mutluydu. Jake olsun ya da olmasın, annesinin dayattığı değil, kendi istediği hayatı yaşamıştı, onun aşık olduğu buydu.
Derwent again. All thoughts led back to him. All roads led to Rome.
Sayfa 274Kitabı okudu
Reklam
Sometimes, it is simply better to leave Rome to the Romans
Rome under the Christian emperors set out to destroy its own rich patrimony—the writings of the pagan poets, philosophers and historians, which were among the highest achievements of classical civilization. Scribes were forbidden to copy out the old pagan texts on pain of death or, perhaps worse, the amputation of the scribe’s writing hand. Existing texts were seized and burned or, sometimes, literally erased—because vellum was both expensive and reusable, the old pagan writings were often rubbed off the page so that a pious Christian text could be put there in its place.
With the reign of Theodosius I (c. 346-395), a fierce and even fanatical Christian true believer who ascended to the throne in 379, the war of God against the gods entered its final and decisive phase. He was the first emperor to formally elevate Christianity to the legal status of the state religion of Rome. As a faithful member of the “orthodox” and “catholic” church, he condemned Arianism and other Christian beliefs and practices that the orthodox church regarded as apostasies and heresies.
Reklam
Constantine was depicted in a manner that was strongly suggestive of a pagan god—the head was adorned with the radiate crown that was an attribute of Sol Invictus , the sun god, and the right hand carried the figure of Victory, one of the most cherished pagan goddesses of ancient Rome. The figure itself, in fact, was a statue of Apollo from the site of ancient Troy whose face was reworked to resemble Constantine.
To symbolize the fact that the city of Constantine was now the “New Rome,” wholly replacing the old capital as the seat of the empire, Constantine ordered the statue of the goddess Athena to be seized and carried from Rome to Constantinople. At least two pagan temples were erected in Constantinople while Constantine himself was yet alive—one was dedicated to the demigods Castor and Pollux, patrons of horsemanship in general and cavalry in particular, and another to Fortuna, the goddess who was believed to determine one’s fortune, good or ill. A third shrine, dedicated to the spirit of “Holy Peace,” was also associated with pagan tradition, and a fourth was devoted to Constantine himself.
Constantine’s city is conventionally depicted as a purely Christian enterprise. Like Akhenaton, we are invited to believe, he set out to build a pristine new capital on virgin soil. Just as the young pharaoh sought to distance himself from the old gods and goddesses of Egypt, the emperor aspired to create a place that would be wholly free of pagan shrines and statuary that adorned the streets of Rome.
In the Roman period, Julius Caesar’s soldiers discovered many tombs of great antiquity when they were founding colonies in Italy and Greece; they rifled them for pots and bronzes, which were sold for high prices in Rome, an early example of grave-robbing and a trade in antiquities.
Reklam
The Christian church now functioned as “the Christian ‘state-within a state.’ ” The word “vicar,” for example, is derived from vicarius , a title that was first used by the arch-persecutor Diocletian to identify the deputies whom he placed in charge of various provinces, and “diocese” is derived from the term that described the area under their administration. “Basilica” originally described a public building that housed the royal courts and other government offices—the word comes from “ basileus ,” the Greek word for “king”—but, significantly, it came to be associated with church architecture after Constantine deeded a basilica to the bishop of Rome for use as a church.
Diocletian ultimately seemed to lose the will to rule at all. He abandoned the city of Rome, traditional capital of the empire, and moved his seat of government to Milan and later to Ravenna. He abruptly called off the games that were held to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of his reign, an act of lassitude that was regarded as an insult to Rome itself and the tutelary gods of the Roman empire.
The ruling power, of course, was pagan Rome, which had just inflicted upon Judaism its cruelest defeat and greatest humiliation. The land of the Jews was reduced to the status of an occupied territory, and its name was changed from Judea to Palaestina, a reference to one of the traditional enemies of the Jewish people, the Philistines. Jerusalem was renamed Aelia Capitolina, a tribute to the family name of the reigning emperor, and a shrine to Jupiter was erected on the site where the altar of Yahweh once stood.
A golden eagle, the symbol of Rome, was mounted on the gateway to the Temple, but—quite unlike Antiochus—the Romans declined to defile the inner chambers of the Temple itself with pagan imagery. So deferential were the Romans to Jewish sensibilities, in fact, that a Roman legionnaire who defied the Jewish prohibition against entering the inner courtyards of the Temple in Jerusalem could be put to death for the offense.
By 97 B.C.E., when the Roman Senate formally adopted a law that criminalized the offering of human victims, animal sacrifice had long before replaced the offering of human flesh and blood to the gods and goddesses of Greece and Rome.
Resim