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In spite of the figure’s instant recognizability, the leprechaun is neither the most striking instance of fairyhood within Irish tradition nor is it that tradition’s most representative character. In Irish tales the leprechaun is neither cute nor charming, qualities ascribed to him by Albion’s patronizing attitudes toward Hibernia.
The Cailleach Bhéirrewill appear to a hero or warrior as an old woman asking to be loved. When she receives love, she becomes a beautiful young maiden. She passes through at least seven periods of youth so that each husband passes from her to death of old age. She has fifty foster-children in Beare, and her grandchildren and great-grandchildren are the people and races of Ireland.
While the Romans never bothered to record a native name for Gaulish Mercury, modern scholars discern two. The favoured is Lugos or Lugus, found in many inscriptions and implicit in the Roman town name Lug(u)dunum, which is itself the root of the modern place names Lyon, Laon, Loudon, Leiden, Liegnitz, etc.
No matter what the sport, young Demne is victorious, even when all of the others are against him. The jealous chieftain of the nearby fortress urges the boys to be rid of the upstart by drowning him in a nearby lake, but Demne drowns nine of them. A spectator calls out, ‘Who is the fair boy?’ [ModIr. Cé hé an giolla fionn?]. And thus he becomes Fionn the son of Cumhall.
When Medb kills her pregnant sister Clothra, the child cut from the dying woman’s womb, Furbaide Ferbend, survives and lives on an island in Lough Ree. Unaccountably, Medb chooses to live on the same island, where she goes bathing each morning. Learning the identity of the bather, his mother’s killer, Furbaide takes a hardened piece of cheese he has been eating, places it in his sling, and shoots it, hitting Medb squarely in the forehead and killing her.
Matrona is the apparent source for the Welsh Modron, mother of the abducted child Mabon in the eleventh-century Welsh story of Culhwch and Olwen. Modron may have been transformed into the early Christian Saint Modrun, patroness of churches in Wales, Cornwall and Brittany, conventionally represented as a fleeing woman with a small child in her arms.
The druids were a religious order among the Celtic peoples of ancient Britain, where, perhaps, the order originated, and Gaul and Ireland. One commentator calls them priest-philosophers, another magician-sages. They might fulfil many roles for the society they served: judges, diviners, intellectuals, mediators with the gods.
The first known Celts lived north of the Alps and in the Danube Valley, from the river’s origins in Germany through what is today Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The Celtic goddess Danu may give her name to the river.
The second ceremony at Tara by which the high king (that is, of all Ireland) might be chosen was the tarbfheis or bull-feast, which began with the slaughter of the innocent animal. To select a candidate for kingship a man taken at random first ate his fill of the bull’s flesh, drank a broth made from the bull’s blood and then lay down to sleep in the bull’s hide. Four druids would then chant an incantation over him, during which time he must see in his sleep the right person to be king.
Dagda, usually known with the definite article as the Dagda, is a warrior, artisan, magician and omniscient ruler. Among his possessions are the celebrated cauldron and two marvellous swine (one always cooking, the other still alive), and ever-laden fruit trees. His club is so great that it has to be dragged on wheels and leaves a track so deep that it marks the boundary between provinces.