Jean-Marie Abgrall Gönderileri
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Cults are a serious threat to mental health. It is important to be
aware of their contaminating power, and the public must distinguish between religious tolerance and ignoring a person in danger. Even though some might caution against over-reacting or, more serious still, even contribute their skills and their abilities to guru, we must become aware that cult ideologies are totalitarian. Because of this, they must be fought as anathema to human dignity.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Psychotic Disorders
The inventory of these pathologies is not exhaustive — they interpenetrate and change throughout cult and post-cult life. The cults also shelter a number of silent psychotic pathologies. They reinforce the paranoid tendencies of the subjects and deprive them of real analysis. They interpret, incoherently, primary delirious experiences and claim them to be signs of mystical revelation. They feed badly structured delusions, and build them up inside the paranoid group dynamics. They reinforce feelings of isolation, incomprehension, loneliness.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Psychotic Disorders
These form a great part of cult and post-cult disorders. They are
generally built on a former personality weakened and replaced by a structure known as schizoid. These disorders follow a steep curve that can be summarized as follows:
Stage 1: Moderate withdrawal, loss of contact with society, schizotypal personality. Superstitious, believes
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Phobias
At a more advanced stage of the disorders, the subject is caught
“between two worlds,” the unreal cult world and that of social reality. He sees himself as being the product of “a mutation,” which places him apart from other humans while still being human. This is especially true of followers who had mystical experiences or intense
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Phobias
Cult ideology is based on the internal-external dichotomy and a
Manichean view of good and evil, leaving the cult member with a permanent fear of the world. [7] All CC speech feeds and supports social fears. The cult acts as though it is a rampart against the evil that reigns outside. Confrontation between the cult member and real society causes
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Neurotic Behaviors
These deal primarily with obsessive rites or phobic behavior resulting directly from the precepts followed by the cult. Depending on the degree of these disorders, the cult member can develop handicaps that prohibit social reintegration. The practices of ritual diet, ceremonial dress, prayer and meditation are drastic. When the subject decides his former cult existence and the former conduct of the cults are considered shameful, “dirty,” or likely to slow down his progress in rejoining the outside world, he tends to isolate himself from society or to develop phobias.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Chronic or Acute Permanent Stress
Although it merges with anxiety, the state of chronic stress is directly dependent on how aggressively the cult marked the subject in body and spirit. Therefore, it is deeper and more durable. The fear of retaliation from an aggressive cult persists until the subject is asleep, where it returns in the form of repetitive dreams.
Next comes a
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Panic Attacks
The persistent memory of life within the cult and the brutal perception of reality can cause true crises of panic, the subject completely convinced of his impotence to combat the after-effects of his experience. Sometimes, memories of cult life rise to the surface, invading the field of consciousness and confusing the subject’s sense of reality. These panic attacks sometimes lead to the cult member re-entering cult Utopia — in the outside world, the former cult member fears he will go insane, be attacked, or not be able to deal with reality. These feelings are sometimes strengthened by neuro-vegetative body disorders: sweat, palpitations, and feeling of oppression.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Generalized Anxiety...
Upon leaving a CC, the ex-follower suffers from a general feeling
of tension. He is in a state of suspense, expecting some sort of repercussions from his act of “treason.” He lives in a state of permanent imbalance between his old world and the new one. He notes with concern that his stay in the CC revealed that he had previously-unknown problems
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Depressive Phenomena
Depression has two origins. On the one hand, it is related to the cult member’s incapacity to meet the cult’s demands, and his inability to satisfy this bond complicates social integration within the cult. In addition, it may be, for the ex-follower, the result of emotional deficiencies induced by being removed by the cult from his or her former life, and the absence of a system of reference after being abandoned by the cult. These disorders take on all the traditional aspects of anxiety-depressive pathology. They stretch from minor anxiety-depressive syndromes to extreme melancholy and suicide attempts. They can take various forms, from panic attacks to abnormal feelings of anxiety.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Mass Suicide
In addition, whereas the ritual deaths are meticulously planned over some length of time, their actual implementation differs largely from the initial plan. At the final moment, it is rare that the followers maintain their cold determination. The example of the Solar Temple is revealing. While the crucifixion and the sacrifice of a baby may have fitted nicely into the holocaust plan of Luc Jouret, the cult’s leader, use of asphyxiation, cyanide poisoning, strangulation and explosives proves a contrario that these deaths fitted not within the framework of symbolism but were, in fact, premeditated murder: the objective was simply to destroy any trace of cult activity.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Mass Suicide
The tragedy of what happened to the members of the Order of the Solar Temple is still fresh in our minds. Murders and suicides are woven throughout this story, according to the rituals thoroughly established and registered in the cult’s myth. These are not like the traditional suicides that were the result of a collective depression. On the contrary, these dramas have two different meanings, one sacrificial, the other redeeming. First, there is the murder of the Antichrist, of the apocalyptic beast embodied here in the form of a crucified new-born baby. Secondly, there is a question of redemption for part of humanity. With all their horror, these suicides are attached to the example of Abraham sacrificing his son. They are also rites of passage: death is seen as an accession to the divine, to the initiatory mutual birth, through a symbolic solar ritual. In 1978, the collective suicide of the Temple of the People had already warned the media about the risk represented by cult structures, especially after their guru was exposed with denunciations by renegade members.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Collective Delirium
These cults are driven by a constant, low-grade delirium, which mirror the delirium of the guru. These irrational whispers establish a harmony between individual pathology and collective pathology. The topics and the organization of these delusions must be identical to those of the guru’s, or they will result in criticism and harsher punishment. Along with sub rosa delusions, the group shares a history of experiences that bind them together. The cult will redefine these paroxystic delirious phases when discussing supernatural events: how many delirious episodes are ascribed as divine manifestations, communication with the beyond or with God? The collective delirious experience strengthens the cohesion of the group by making them feel as though they belong to an elitist community as well as by reinforcing the individual delusions within the collective delusion.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Collective Trance
Collective trance differs little from mass hysteria in its instinctual
dynamics. It is the manifestation of libido impulses, uncontrolled by any restraint or taboo, simply because of the “ambiance” created within the group.
In contrast to mass hysteria, trances are more organized. This borrows from shamanism and enjoys a symbolic prestige in which hysteria is revered. It is modeled around a culture. Generally, a certain dispersonalization of the shaman takes place, making him simply the voice for the guardian spirits of the community. Hypnosis aims to divert the libido energy into symbolic meaning that will, a posteriori, enrich the group’s discourse. Among the topics developed by the groups built around the phenomenon of trance is that of reincarnation; trances symbolize the passage of the old person into death, then from death into the new person.
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PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY CULT MANIPULATION - Mass Hysteria
Mass hysteria is an uncontrolled explosion of libido impulses. Episodes of possession constitute the most typical example of this phenomenon. The hysteria of an individual can be reproduced within an entire group when the crisis of "possession” is considered a manifestation of the beyond; consequently, the supernormal becomes accessible to all, and all the members consider themselves able to establish a union with “the transmitter of messages,” the medium, the channeler. In short, the hysterical person is promoted to role model.
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