Gamze Züleyha Üredi: It should be noted that the reforms of 1916, when the Şeyhülislam had been removed from the cabinet and had lost his jurisdiction over the sharia courts, the foundations (evkaf) and the religious colleges (medreses), had already severely circumscribed its function. The fact that Mustafa Kemal Pasha could push through his reforms almost without opposition from the senior clergy is testimony to the degree to which the Ottoman religious establishment had already been bureaucratized and brought under state control in the late Ottoman Empire.

It should be noted that the reforms of 1916, when the Şeyhülislam had been removed from the cabinet and had lost his jurisdiction over the sharia courts, the foundations (evkaf) and the religious colleges (medreses), had already severely circumscribed its function. The fact that Mustafa Kemal Pasha could push through his reforms almost without opposition from the senior clergy is testimony to the degree to which the Ottoman religious establishment had already been bureaucratized and brought under state control in the late Ottoman Empire.

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Bir Ulusun İnşası Erik Jan Zürcher

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