Forensic and Legal Psychology
Mark CostanzoForensic and Legal Psychology Sözleri ve Alıntıları
Forensic and Legal Psychology sözleri ve alıntılarını, Forensic and Legal Psychology kitap alıntılarını, Forensic and Legal Psychology en etkileyici cümleleri ve paragragları 1000Kitap'ta bulabilirsiniz.
Even college students lie. In one study, pairs of college students were asked to get to know each other while being secretly videotaped. One member of the pair then reviewed the videotape and indicated the points at which they deceived their interaction partner. In this brief encounter (about 10 minutes) students admitted to telling, on average, 2.9 lies. Some of the lies were complete fabrications, but most were little lies—for example exaggerations aimed at making oneself appear more impressive, or the use of misleading behaviors to make the interaction partner feel good.
Sayfa 51 - 10 dakika başına 2.9 yalan mı... mahvolmuşuzKitabı okudu
Even in the earliest legal systems, there were techniques for detecting lies. For example, in an ancient form of trial by ordeal, a suspect who denied committing a crime was required to plunge his arm into a pot of boiling water and pull out a stone. The arm was then bandaged. If, after 3 days, the burns were not infected, the person was judged to be telling the truth (Hans & Vidmar, 1986). The theory was that God would intervene on behalf of an innocent person and reveal the truth by preventing infection.
Sayfa 51 - yuhKitabı okudu
Electroencephalogram (EEG). Despite its age, it has an important advantage over the fMRI: Instead of taking a reading every 2 seconds, the EEG is able to read neural impulses continuously in milliseconds. Although the fMRI is better able to locate where the activity of lying might occur in the brain, the EEG is better able to tell precisely when a change in activity occurs.
Sayfa 71 - EEG ve fMRI arasındaki farkKitabı okudu
polygraphers appear to be able to catch about 77% of the guilty suspects and are able to exonerate nearly 70% of innocent suspects. They fail to catch about 21% of guilty suspects, and they falsely accuse about 16% of innocent suspects. These rates of accuracy are clearly better than chance, but are they strong enough to have practical utility for the legal system? Probably not.
Sayfa 61 - poligraflar sonuçlandırıcı olamaz ancak destekçi olabilir gibi gözüküyor.Kitabı okudu
Indeed, these cues are consistent with a prevalent but mistaken liar’s stereotype. In a survey of more that 2500 people in 63 countries, about 70% of respondents believed that when lying, people tend to avert their gaze, squirm, touch themselves more, and stutter.
Sayfa 53 - gel de beden dilini anlamanın 17 yolu gibi kitapları satın alan kişisel gelişemeyimcilere anlat bunu...Kitabı okudu
Our legal system is based, in part, on the idea that it is better to let 10 guilty people go free than to convict 1 innocent person.
Sayfa 62 - poligrafın sonucu belirleyememesindeki kırılma noktasıKitabı okudu
In one study, prison inmates gave true and false videotaped confessions to crimes they did or did not commit. Next, police detectives and college students judged the truthfulness of each statement. Although college students performed slightly better than chance at distinguishing true from false confessions, police detectives did not. Another interesting difference between the two groups was that detectives were significantly more confident about the accuracy of their judgments. That is, even though detectives were wrong more often than students, detectives were more confident that they were right.
Sayfa 52 - ön yargı patlamasıKitabı okudu
From an evolutionary perspective, lying is adaptive. That is, it serves a useful function that promotes survival. One great evolutionary advantage that we humans have over other species is our ability to work and hunt together in cooperative, coordinated groups. It has been argued that our facility at bending, reshaping, spinning, and shading the truth is what enables relatively harmonious group interaction. There is even a model of human intelligence—called the “Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis”
Sayfa 51 - yalan söylemek aslında bir adaptasyon meselesi, bir hayatta kalma, normalleşme meselesi.Kitabı okudu