On the Role of Death in Life

The Worm at the Core

Tom Pyszczynski

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Many of us will fight to preserve our self-esteem in the same way that worms and bats will fight to stay alive, because for us humans self-esteem is our symbolic protection against death.
People terrified by the prospect of their own demise would be less likely to take risks in hunting to increase the odds of landing big game, to compete effectively for mates, or to provide good care for their offspring. So our ancestors made a supremely adaptive, ingenious, and imaginative leap: they created a supernatural world, one in which death was not inevitable or irrevocable. The groups of early humans who fabricated the most compelling tales could best manage mortal terror. As a result, they would have been the most capable of functioning effectively in their environment and thereby most likely to perpetuate their genes into future generations.
Reklam
Evolutionary theorists such as Pascal Boyer and Paul Bloom propose that supernatural beliefs originated because humans are predisposed to attribute mind and intention to living things. According to this view, our ancestors projected their own subjective experiences of feeling, wanting, and willing onto their surroundings; trees and rocks spoke to them with power and purpose, and rain and lightning were both the language and the playthings of invisible gods.
the essence of ritual is wishful thinking in action.
Throughout history, and to this day, such rituals have enabled people to endure the loss of loved ones, dampening the dread associated with their own eventual demise to the point where they can continue their daily routines... Rituals help manage existential terror by superseding natural processes and fostering the illusion that we control them.
Indeed, recent studies confirm that such supernatural escapades serve to manage existential terror. After pondering their mortality, people fantasized more about being able to fly. Additionally, after visualizing themselves flying above a lush green mountain, people reminded of their mortality had fewer death thoughts hovering on the fringes of consciousness.
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