The People's Defense Units (YPG) were officially established in 2012, alongside the all-woman Women's Protection Units (YPJ).
Sayfa 48 - 1: Lessons from Rojava for the Paradigm of Social Ecology
This is what we have referred to as the peril of the political administrator, which is in turn related to the PYD's organic links with the "military leviathan," in the form of these self-defense units. According to the principles of democratic confederalism, these units are supposed to be subordinate to the power of the communes, but, as again we shall see, they are not. None of this, however, is meant to deny the great and heroic sacrifices the people of North and East Syria have made in order to protect themselves against dictatorship and authoritarian states (the Syrian regime and the Turkish state), and against brutal and
inhumane Islamist forces.
Sayfa 46 - 1: Lessons from Rojava for the Paradigm of Social Ecology
Reklam
It must be mentioned that the hegemony of the PYD is not based on military might alone. Rather, it is based as well on the legacy of activism and mobilization of Syrian Kurds since the 1980s by the PKK.
Sayfa 45 - 1: Lessons from Rojava for the Paradigm of Social Ecology
Öcalan had spent close to two decades in exile in Syria, before being forced out in 1998, which triggered a sequence of events, the unfolding of an international conspiracy, that culminated in his abduction in Kenya on February 15, 1999, while en route to South Africa.
Sayfa 41 - 1: Lessons from Rojava for the Paradigm of Social Ecology
Indeed, we believe that one of the real strengths of the Kurdish movement is its refusal to be trapped in what it is. The Kurdish movement has always accepted contradiction, in the Hegelian way, in which identity negates itself. This means that the movement has always tried to transcend itself, it has always tried to transcend its own identity.
Sayfa 32 - 1: Lessons from Rojava for the Paradigm of Social Ecology
The framework upon which this book and it's dialogical form are structured draws from the democratic confederalism of imprisoned Kurdish leader Abdullah Öcalan and the communalism of American political philosopher Murray Bookchin.
Sayfa 19 - Revolutionary Contradictions
Reklam
Reklam