√ Preoccupation to the point of obsession with the substance or
behavior of choice
√ Loss of control over use of the substance or behavior, typically
evidenced by failed attempts to quit or cut back
√ Directly related negative consequences: relationship trouble, issues at
work or in school, declining physical health, depression, anxiety,
diminished self-esteem, isolation, financial woes, loss of interest in
previously enjoyable activities, legal trouble, etc.