The schools and hospitals were forgotten, and the Congo basin was instead filled with mines and plantations, run by mostly Belgian officials who ruthlessly exploited the local population. The rubber industry was particularly notorious. Rubber was fast becoming an industrial staple, and rubber export was the Congo's most important source of income. The African villagers who
collected the rubber were required to provide higher and higher quotas. Those who failed to deliver their quota were punished brutally for their 'laziness'. Their arms were chopped off and occasionally entire villages were massacred. According to the most moderate estimates, between 1885 and 1908 the pursuit of growth and profits cost the lives of 6 million individuals (at least 20 per cent
of the Congo's population). Some estimates reach up to 10
million deaths.
From the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, about
10 million African slaves were imported to America.
About 70 per cent of them worked on the sugar plantations. Labour conditions were abominable. Most slaves
lived a short and miserable life, and millions more died
during wars waged to capture slaves or during the long
voyage from inner Africa to the shores of America. All this
so that Europeans could enjoy their sweet tea and candy
and sugar barons could enjoy huge profits.