Ziya

Kimura's research shows that men are likely to lose the ability to produce speech if they experience damage to almost any part of the left hemisphere. Women, however, develop severe speech production problems only if the damage occurs to the speech centers in the temporal lobe area. When it comes to damage to the right hemisphere, however, the picture is reversed. Women are likely to suffer a mild loss in the ability to define words whether brain damage occurs to either their left or right hemispheres. Men, however, suffer the same mild loss in word-defining skills only if the damage is to the left hemisphere.

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Ziya

Left-handedness is associated with many traits-some good, some not so good. About 10 percent of left-handers suffer from language disorders and reading disabilities, while only 1 percent of right-handers do. Left-handers are more likely to suffer severe migraine headaches, birth complications (Van Strien et al., 1987), alcoholism (London, 1986), and certain disorders of the body's disease-fighting system (autoimmune disorders) (Garmon, 1985). However, more than twice as many artists, musicians, mathematicians, and engineers are left-handed as would be expected by chance (Annett & Kil shaw, 1982; Kilshaw & Annett, 1983). For example, two of the greatest artists who ever lived-Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci-were left-handed. And if you are looking for someone with precocious mathematical ability you may very well find that person with a pencil in his or her left hand (Benbow, 1987).

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Ziya

Your right hemisphere is called by many names-minor hemisphere, "perceptual" hemisphere, "emotional" hemisphere, or "monitoring" hemisphere. It understands language, but neither talks nor writes, except under rather unu sual circumstances. Your right hemisphere does seem to be better at understanding (and producing) art, music, and abstract mathematics than is your left hemisphere. For example, the noted Canadian neuropsychologist Brenda Milner found that right-handed people show a left-ear (right hemisphere) ad vantage for detecting and identifying musical patterns (cited in Kimura, 1985).

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Ziya

If someone stuck a pin in your arm, you would experience pain. Surprisingly enough, though, if someone stuck a pin directly into your exposed cortex, you probably wouldn't consciously experience any discomfort at all. With certain minor exceptions, there simply are no pain receptors in the brain. (There are pain receptors in the membrane covering the brain, however.) Because brain tissue is insensitive to pain, patients undergoing brain surgery are often conscious, so they can help the doctor locate whatever damaged section might need to be treated. During such surgery, the doctor may stimulate various parts of the patient's cortex electrically and ask what the patient feels the moment the current is turned on.

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Ziya