A Critical Review of Humankind
Rutger Bregman’s book Humankind is one of the books that questions negative ideas about human nature and makes readers think. For many years, many people believed that humans are naturally selfish, bad, and only care about themselves. However, Bregman does not agree with this idea. According to him, human nature is not as dark as people think. Instead, people are more willing to help each other, understand others’ feelings, and do good things. In the book, the author supports these ideas with many examples from wars, psychology experiments, history, and biology. One of the best parts of the book is that it gives hope about humanity. Still, when I finished the book, I did not only feel admiration. On one side, I was happy to read it because it made me think differently. On the other side, some of the author’s ideas felt too optimistic to me. Because of this, the book was both interesting and questionable for me.
One of the strongest parts of the book is that it makes people question ideas about human nature that many accept without thinking. Today, we often see violence, murder, wars, and fights on television, social media, and in the news. After some time, people start to believe that the world is full of bad people. At this point, Bregman asks an important question: If humans were really bad by nature, how could societies survive for so many years? A big part of human history was shaped by helping each other, working together, and surviving together. From this side, the writer’s ideas are important and meaningful.
His ideas against the belief that humans are naturally wild are especially interesting. Today, when someone behaves badly, people sometimes say, “Did you grow up in a cave?” However, Bregman says that hunter-gatherer societies were not as violent as many
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I had already read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer before, and Huckleberry Finn was one of the characters in that book. Because of that, I became curious about him and wanted to read Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as well.
After I started reading, I realized that I really enjoyed the humorous style of the book. The language and the dialogues made the story more interesting and enjoyable for me.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published in 1884 and is considered one of the major works of American Realism. Unlike Romantic literature, Twain focuses on ordinary people, realistic language, and social problems. Through Huck’s journey, the novel reflects important issues of 19th-century American society such as racism, slavery, violence, religious hypocrisy, and social inequality. Twain also satirizes romantic adventure stories, especially through the character of Tom Sawyer.
The novel follows Huck Finn, a young boy who escapes from his abusive father and travels along the Mississippi River with Jim, an escaped enslaved man. During their journey, they meet many different people and experience both humorous and serious situations. Through these adventures, Huck begins to question society’s values, racism, religion, and morality.
Huck also starts to test the religious teachings of Miss Watson and Widow Douglas. He does not fully accept everything that society and religion teach him, and throughout the novel he tries to understand what is morally right by himself.
Mark Twain mainly criticizes romanticism and unrealistic adventure stories. Tom tries to behave like the characters in books, while Huck thinks more realistically and questions these ideas. Through this contrast, Twain makes fun of romantic ideals that are disconnected from real life. Whether everything we learn
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5/10
2026 1. kitabı
I have just finished the book Normal People by Sally Rooney. Overall, to me, it seemed like a normal book: an enjoyable drama, thrilling and addictive. However, there was still a question: what was I reading about? I think this happened because I had high expectations. But who set them? I think it was because it was everywhere, I mean so many people recommended this book. Even when I opened the front page, famous people's quotes were there, and it was awarded so many times. But to me, it still does not make any sense why it got so many awards.
Who decided that this book is actually "good"? What is even a good or bad book? It is up to people’s preference, no? So, I think to me this was just an average drama.
But what makes this book good to me are the two perfect characters, two normal people. Also, as a side note, maybe the reason I thought this was just an average book is its topic. It was literally about two normal, ordinary people, people we can see at university. There was nothing extraordinary, fancy, or miraculous.
Reviewing the two main characters is a good beginning. I would like to start with Marianne. While I was reading about Marianne, the one thing I agreed with once more is that we accept the love we think we deserve; we accept the behavior we think we deserve. That is why it’s important to have self-love and self-respect. Because if you don't love yourself or respect yourself, you will accept disrespect from others as well. Deep inside, you think you deserve it and feel no need to fight it. She had literally no value towards herself. I believe there are many people like this, but for her, it was at the lowest point.
Connell is a typical person who lives for the acceptance of society. He was so afraid of loneliness that he agreed to fit in anywhere he
I. INTRODUCTION: THE PURPOSE OF THE NOVEL
Tess of the d’Urbervilles is Thomas Hardy’s most powerful and controversial novel, written as a direct challenge to Victorian moral, religious, and sexual values. Through the life of Tess Durbeyfield, a poor rural woman, Hardy exposes the cruelty of a society that equates female worth with sexual “purity,” excuses male transgression, and disguises injustice as moral order.
Hardy does not present Tess as a fallen woman seeking redemption. Instead, he presents her as morally pure from beginning to end, and argues that the true corruption lies not in Tess, but in the social systems that destroy her.
II. DETAILED SUMMARY (WITH SPOILERS)
1. Origins and the Weight of Ancestry
Tess Durbeyfield is the eldest daughter of a poor rural family in Wessex. Her life changes when her father learns that they may be descended from the ancient aristocratic d’Urberville family. This discovery fills her parents with ambition and false hope, while Tess herself feels unease rather than pride.
When Tess accidentally causes the death of the family’s horse, Prince—their sole means of livelihood—she feels intense guilt and responsibility. This event, driven by chance rather than moral fault, sets the tragic pattern of her life: random misfortune followed by self-blame.
To help her family recover financially, Tess is sent to seek help from the wealthy d’Urbervilles—unaware that they are not true aristocrats, but merely have purchased the name.
2. Alec d’Urberville and Sexual Violation
At Trantridge, Tess meets Alec d’Urberville, a manipulative and predatory man who immediately fixates on her. Despite Tess’s repeated resistance and discomfort, Alec pursues her relentlessly.
The pivotal event of the novel occurs when Alec sexually violates Tess in
Silent Patient ( story wise writing)
Now that I have finished reading “ the silent patient”, I am very amazed by the ability of the author who truly made me shocked at the end of the story that he happens to call psychological detective story… people prefer calling this book a novel but I bet it doesn’t last too long after reading the book or coming to an end that was shockingly twisted. Spoiler - The therapist would be the last person to be suspicious of as he made it sound very normal and approached to every scene and detail as a therapist whose main job is to help people. BUT never mind, nothing is the way it seems like in this life, Turkish people say if everything was the way it seemed like then water from sea would appear blue in our hands. This is what I felt when seeing the truth, the kind of truth I wouldn’t be able to imagine if Theo, the therapist didn’t reveal if at the end of the story. Or should I say the beginning of an end ? Do stories truly end or what we call “ ending” is a beginning of a new chapter…. He approached and had written it in a way that made him sound look or even appear like a “ real therapist” who carry feelings of morality, depth, integrity and truly has compassion and eager to help people who are in trouble… like Alicia….. A person, a human being, an artist who was mentally sick as the members of Grove called…. She was a psycho in their interpretations…. But who knows what drew her to kill him? Who truly has enough empathy to try to understand what she went through to do such a thing rather than being as anyone else and calling her a “ bitch” how easy it must be to call someone that… when you don’t know anything except what police officers or investigators say… As people or human beings who immediately call someone “guilty” without giving it a try to understand or
strangersFelsefe
The Stranger is a short but powerful novel written by Albert Camus, first published in 1942. It tells the story of a man named Meursault, who seems emotionally distant and disconnected from the world around him.
The story begins with the death of Meursault’s mother. Unlike most people, he does not cry or show sadness. This shocks others and makes them judge him. Later in the story, he gets involved in a violent situation and kills a man. During his trial, the court focuses more on his cold personality than the actual crime. In the end, he is sentenced to death. The book ends with Meursault accepting his fate, realizing that life has no clear meaning — and that’s okay.
The main theme of the novel is “absurdism” – the idea that life is often without meaning and humans must accept this without relying on religion or traditional beliefs. Camus shows that people are sometimes punished not for what they do, but for not behaving the way society expects.
I would only recommend The Stranger to people who are really interested in existential philosophy, or who want to read something different and challenging. If you like fast-paced stories, strong emotions, or realistic characters, this book may not be the right choice.
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