Accumulating evidence suggests that some dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Mediterranean diet, the Mediterranean–Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, and the anti-inflammatory diet may have a protective effect on cognitive impairment in the general population [17,18]. While details may vary, there are shared features in healthy dietary patterns, e.g., the consumption of green leafy vegetables, nuts, and fish, which showed independent positive associations with cognitive function. The effects of the DASH diet and DII were more profound in female participants, while higher adherence to the Mediterranean–DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet was associated with an increment in MMSE score in male participants with sarcopenia. Handgrip strength and physical performance are significant mediators in the diet–cognition associations.